On the relationship between changes in distributed system behavior and group dynamics

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaimaa Lazem ◽  
Denis Gracanin ◽  
Steve Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Distributed System ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
System Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals An ecosystemic approach to evaluating ecological, socioeconomic and group dynamics affecting the prevalence of Aedes aegypti in two Colombian towns

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. s93-s103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Quintero ◽  
Gabriel Carrasquilla ◽  
Roberto Suárez ◽  
Catalina González ◽  
Victor A. Olano
Keyword(s):  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Epidemiological Methods ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Social Dynamic ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
Dengue Control ◽  
The Relationship

This article focuses on the epidemiological methods and results of a global Ecohealth study that explored the complexity of the relationship between ecological, biological, economical, social and political factors and vector presence. The study was carried out in two dengue endemic areas of Colombia. A transdisciplinary team gathered quantitative and qualitative data. A survey in randomly sampled households was applied and, simultaneously, direct observation of potential breeding sites was carried out. Logistic regressions and qualitative techniques were used. Qualitative and quantitative data were compared using triangulation. The presence of low water containers increases seven-fold the risk of finding immature forms ofAedes aegypti in the household (OR = 7.5; 95%CI: 1.7-32.2). An inverse association between socioeconomic stratum and presence of the vector was identified (Low stratum OR = 0.9; 95%CI: 0.6-1.4; High stratum OR =0.4; 95%CI: 0.07-1.7). Water management is a complex social dynamic associated with the presence of Ae. aegypti. Dengue control is a challenge for public health authorities and researchers as they should address promotion and prevention strategies that take into account cultural, behavioral, socioeconomic and health factors.

Ethnic Diversity, Segregation and Ethnocentric Trust in Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Lea Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
National Level ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
African Countries ◽  
A Value ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Level Group

AbstractEthnic diversity is generally associated with less social capital and lower levels of trust. However, most empirical evidence for this relationship is focused on generalized trust, rather than more theoretically appropriate measures of group-based trust. This article evaluates the relationship between ethnic diversity – at the national, regional and local levels – and the degree to which coethnics are trusted more than non-coethnics, a value referred to here as the ‘coethnic trust premium’. Using public opinion data from sixteen African countries, this study finds that citizens of ethnically diverse states express, on average, more ethnocentric trust. However, within countries, regional ethnic diversity is associated with less ethnocentric trust. This same negative pattern between diversity and ethnocentric trust appears across districts and enumeration areas within Malawi. The article then shows, consistent with these patterns, that diversity is only detrimental to intergroup trust at the national level when ethnic groups are spatially segregated. These results highlight the importance of the spatial distribution of ethnic groups on intergroup relations, and question the utility of micro-level studies of interethnic interactions for understanding macro-level group dynamics.

Thy Will Be Done: Exploring the Longitudinal Rewards of Religious Group Membership Enactment During Volunteering

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliet Wakefield ◽  
Mhairi Bowe ◽  
Blerina Kellezi
Keyword(s):  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Religious Group ◽  
Voluntary Work ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Social Identity Approach

The volunteering literature is replete with studies revealing the health benefits of volunteering. This has led psychologists to question whether social processes may help deliver these benefits while also supporting sustained volunteering engagement. The Social Identity Approach (SIA) recognises that volunteering takes place in groups, and sheds light on these processes by providing insights into group dynamics. Specifically, recent work within the Social Cure tradition has revealed the dynamic relationship between volunteering and group identification, and how this can influence health and wellbeing. This study extends previous work by exploring whether the relationship is mediated by the extent to which volunteers feel able to enact their membership of a valued group (specifically their religious group) through their volunteering. People who volunteer with religiously-motivated voluntary groups (N = 194) completed the same online survey twice, three months apart (T1/T2). For participants high in religiosity, T1 identification with their voluntary group positively predicted their sense of being able to enact the membership of their religious group through their voluntary work at T2, which in turn was a positive predictor of T2 mental health and volunteer engagement. The implications of these findings for both the theoretical literature and for voluntary organisations are discussed.

How do external territorial threats affect mass killing?

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-544
Author(s):  
Mi Hwa Hong ◽  
Nam Kyu Kim
Keyword(s):  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Mass Murder ◽  
Mass Killing ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
Political Upheaval ◽  
External Threat ◽  
Territorial Claims ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Threat Environment

The current scholarship on mass killing demonstrates that genocide and other forms of mass murder are usually policy responses to threats, emphasizing armed conflict and political upheaval, such as revolution, as important causal factors. However, scholars have so far had little to say about the relationship between a country’s external threat environment and mass killing. We argue that a country’s external security environment, particularly when its neighbors pose threats to its territorial integrity, is a critical and understudied factor shaping a leader’s decision to employ mass killing. External territorial threats can produce domestic in-group/out-group dynamics, heightening fears that some domestic groups may be supporting or colluding with the enemy. Yet, given the availability of alternative policies and the enormous costs of mass killing, territorial threats alone do not suffice to explain why a state chooses mass killing over other types of violent or nonviolent strategies. Only when leaders are committed to exclusionary ideologies, are territorial threats more likely to catalyze hatred and fear of domestic out-groups, increasing a leader’s willingness to direct massive violence against them. Such leaders are more likely to frame domestic out-groups as inherently threatening and as enemies to be eliminated. Our empirical analysis reveals that a country’s territorial threat, measured by either territorial rivalries or territorial claims, is associated with a greater likelihood of mass killing onset only when leaders hold exclusionary ideologies.

scholarly journals The Evolutionary Psychology of War: Offense and Defense in the Adapted Mind

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 147470491774272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony C. Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Investment Theory ◽  
Coalitional Psychology ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Survey Experiments ◽  
Parental Investment Theory ◽  
The Relationship

The study of warfare from an evolutionary perspective has expanded rapidly over the last couple of decades. However, it has tended to focus on the ancestral origins, prevalence, and instruments of war rather than adaptationist analyses of its underlying psychology. I argue that our evolved coalitional psychology may contain a set of distinct evolved heuristics designed specifically for offensive and defensive coalitional aggression. Data from two survey experiments are presented, in which subjects were given scenarios depicting offensive or defensive aggression and were told to make decisions, for example, regarding their willingness to participate in the conflict, their opinions of others who did not choose to participate, and their expectations benefit. The results indicate that humans do indeed distinguish readily between these two domains and that their willingness to participate, as well as their emotional responses toward others, is highly contingent upon this informational cue in adaptively relevant ways. In addition, and consistent with parental investment theory, data reveal a range of sex differences in attitudes toward coalitional aggression in the two conflict domains. Beyond the study of warfare, this project has implications for our understanding of the relationship between individual behavior and group dynamics, as well as for our understanding of the mechanisms by which the psychological framing of political events can lead to important social outcomes.

scholarly journals Measuring Intergroup Forgiveness: The Enright Group Forgiveness Inventory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Enright ◽  
Julie Johnson ◽  
Fu Na ◽  
Tomaz Erzar ◽  
Matthew Hirshberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Intergroup Forgiveness ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Until recently, researchers operationalized and measured the psychological construct of forgiveness at the individual, rather than the group, level. Social psychologists started applying forgiveness to groups and examining the role intergroup forgiveness may have in conflict resolution and peace efforts. Initial attempts to define and measure forgiveness at the group level either assumed individual and group capacities were the same, or insufficiently described what intergroup forgiveness meant. We developed a new measure of intergroup forgiveness, and a novel group administration process, that operationalized the construct in a philosophically coherent way. Our conceptualization of intergroup forgiveness was rooted in what groups, as opposed to the individuals who compose them, have the capacity to do. We collected data on the psychometric properties of the measure with 595 participants in three different geographic and cultural settings. We assessed the factor structure, internal consistency, and validity of the measure. We also assessed a novel group-based method of administering the measure to better understand the relationship between group based reports and self-reports of intergroup forgiveness. The factor structure of the measure was supported, and the measure had strong internal consistency, as well as convergent and discriminant validity. The group administration process revealed important group dynamics and was not statistically different than a standard self-report administration; this finding has important implications for research and practice.

scholarly journals How Do We “Do Gender”? Permeation as Over-Talking and Talking Over

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 237802311984934
Author(s):  
Bryan C. Cannon ◽  
Dawn T. Robinson ◽  
Lynn Smith-Lovin
Keyword(s):  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Cultural Patterns ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Group Interactions ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
Current Interaction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gender Influences ◽  
Gendered Expectations

Gendered expectations are imported from the larger culture to permeate small-group discussions, creating conversational inequalities. Conversational roles also emerge from the negotiated order of group interactions to reflect, reinforce, and occasionally challenge these cultural patterns. The authors provide a new examination of conversational overlaps and interruptions. They show how negotiated conversational roles lead a status distinction (gender) to shape conversational inequality. The authors use a mixed-effects logit model to analyze turn taking as it unfolds in task-group discussions, focusing on how previous behavior shapes current interaction. They then use these conversational roles to examine how locally produced interaction orders mediate the relationship between gender and interruptions. The authors find a more complex process than previous research has revealed. Gender influences the history of being interrupted early in an interaction, which changes the ongoing behavioral patterns to create a cumulative conversational disadvantage. The authors then discuss the implications of these group dynamics for interventions.

scholarly journals GROUP DYNAMICS AND LEADERSHIP: A COLLECTIVE PROCESS CONSTRUCTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Danilo Nunes ◽  
Neusa Maria Bastos Fernandes dos Santos ◽  
Fernando Fukunaga
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Traditional Management ◽  
Organizational Contexts ◽  
Organizational Environments ◽  
Leadership Process ◽  
True Source ◽  
Collective Process ◽  
The Relationship

The human being is the true source of a competitive advantage. If so understood, it is necessary to break with some paradigms that guide the traditional management models. The current posture requires aptitude and willingness for change, whether in the forms of vision, action or thought. The objective of this study was to score some of these variables that should be perceived by the leader who wants to do a good job and aims to improve their skills to work with and for the groups. The research was based on productions that address this issue and what possible changes we may have in organizational environments. Everything is moving so that we have a scenario different from what we find today in organizational contexts. There will be a change in the conception of work, and with this there will be a need to review organizational practices, including the dynamics of groups and the relationship with the leadership process. This discussion calls into question the very concept of a group, and of course it is not exhausted here and, judging by the changes and future scenarios, it would not be audacious or reckless to say that they will never be exhausted. It is a continuous and uninterrupted path of discussion.

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