Comparison on general aviation industry statistics between China and the United States

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shufen Sun
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
General Aviation ◽  
Aviation Industry

Alternative Means of Compliance for Composite Structural Fatigue Certification of Small General Aviation Aircraft

1997 ◽  
Vol 1567 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Michael K. Zyskowski
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Current Method ◽  
The United States ◽  
General Aviation ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Structural Fatigue ◽  
Safe Life ◽  
Cultural Paradigm ◽  
Program Costs ◽  
General Aviation Aircraft

As the future of the general aviation industry seems to be improving, a cultural paradigm shift may be imminent with the development of an advanced, revolutionary transportation system within the United States. One significant problem with this idea has been shown to be the fatigue structural certification of small, composite airplanes. By implementing a fatigue safe-life certification method for small general aviation aircraft, reduced certification program costs may be obtained while maintaining their reliability and capability. Although acceptable only when certifying aluminum aircraft, the current method has been modified here to incorporate the use of discontinuous composite materials on a defined small general aviation aircraft. Through this modification, a simplified method for the determination of the stress-cycle curve and a new “scatter factor” methodology based on the composite material properties have been developed. By using fiberglass reinforced polyester as an example composite material family, the safe-life of small general aviation aircraft relative to composite fatigue can be determined.

Crisis Agenda-Setting and Aviation Security Policy After the September 11 Attacks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary R. Lewis ◽  
Kathryn L. Schwaeble ◽  
Thomas A. Birkland
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Aviation Security ◽  
The United States ◽  
September 11 ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
September 11 Attacks ◽  
September 11 Terrorist Attacks

The September 11 terrorist attacks on the United States were a focusing event that greatly increased attention to particularly large acts of terrorism as a threat to the United States and to particular interests. One of these interests is the aviation industry. The September 11 attacks exploited features of the aviation industry that made it prone to attack and that made an attack on this industry particularly vivid and attention-grabbing. The September 11 attacks led to policy changes in the United States and around the world with respect to aviation security, but those changes were not made in a vacuum. The changes that followed the September 11 attacks were made possible by efforts to learn from the range of aviation security incidents and challenges that have faced commercial aviation throughout its history. While the September 11 attacks were shocking and seemed novel, prior experience with aviation security crises provided those working in the aviation security policy realm with potential responses. The responses were drawn from a set of politically feasible responses that addressed the lapses in security demonstrated by terrorist attacks. The history of policy changes related to terrorism in aviation parallel the changes to policies that were made across the board in response to the elevation of terrorism on the agenda.

Overview of AGATE Advanced Materials Research

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Tomblin
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
The United States ◽  
General Aviation ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Material System ◽  
The Government

Abstract The Advanced General Aviation Transport Experiments (AGATE) Consortium is a cost-sharing industry-university-government partnership initiated by NASA to create the technological basis for revitalization of the U.S. general aviation industry. It was founded in 1994 to develop affordable new technology as well as the industry standards and certification methods for airframe, cockpit, flight training systems, and airspace infrastructure for next generation single pilot, 4–6 place, near all-weather light airplanes. The AGATE consortium has more than 70 members from industry, universities, the FAA, and other government agencies. With respect to the advanced materials program within AGATE, the government-industry-academia program is directed toward the creation of material allowables that will be approved by the FAA for qualification of composite airframes — the first two being the Cirrus SR20 from Cirrus Design Corporation of Duluth, MN and the Lancair Columbia 300 from Pacific Aviation Composites of Bend, OR. These aircraft will be the first two all composite, four-seat AGATE-type airplanes to be certified in the United States. AGATE members Lancair, Cirrus Design, Cessna Aircraft, Raytheon Aircraft, Global Aircraft, Stoddard-Hamilton and Simula Technologies are contributing members in the program that promises to increase the level of sharing between competitors for the benefit of the entire general aviation industry. One major goal of the advanced materials program is produce FAA approved certification methods for the use of composite materials within the general aviation community. A recently published document entitled “Material Qualification Methodology for Epoxy-Based Prepreg Composite Material Systems” has been approved which describes an acceptable program to substantiate that the materials and processes employed meet FAA requirements for a selected material system. This is the first FAA public document which “standardizes” the procedure for qualifying a composite material system which follows guidelines set forth by the MIL-HDBK-17 committee. These requirements apply to the original material qualification. Once certified, changes to the material, process tooling, and/or facility require a review and repetition of some (or all) of these tests may be required. The plan gives specific information about the qualification program for epoxy-based pre-impregnated carbon or fiberglass unidirectional tape and pre-impregnated carbon or fiberglass woven fabric cured and processed at or above 240 degrees Fahrenheit. Specifically, this plan covers qualification methodology for no-bleed prepreg systems manufactured using vacuum bag molding. The properties of traditional materials — aluminum, steel, etc. — have long been accepted by the FAA in the design of airframes. These “allowables” mean the designer does not have to test every part to destruction, which is a very expensive, time-consuming process, but may use these allowable to substantiate the design using various forms of analysis. Due to company proprietary data restrictions, these “allowables” are generally not shared with other airframers which cause a repetition of qualification, sometimes for identical material. The AGATE database will attempt to standardize this data for a specific material system which will allow AGATE and non-AGATE companies to use the qualification data without having to completely repeat the full qualification [as depicted in Figure (1)]. The overall savings to the baseline qualification procedure should result in an “order of magnitude” savings in cost and over a factor of four savings in qualification time [as depicted in Figure (2)]. The overall goal of the program is to decrease to time and cost required for a new aircraft certification while still maintaining a high level of reliability and safety.

scholarly journals Pembelajaran dari Pelayanan Bandar Udara Terhadap Aktivitas General Aviation di Amerika Serikat

WARTA ARDHIA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Dedes Kusumawati
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
General Aviation ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Significant Growth ◽  
States Experience ◽  
Planning Development

Nowadays, general aviation activities have significant growth in aviation world. Addition, the highest airport category in United States is general aviation airport. The purpose of this research is to get understanding about airport services to support general aviation activities based on United States; experience in national airport planning to give recommendations for Indonesia in developing airports that compatible with general aviation activities. This research uses qualitative strategy through case study and comparative analysis for two cases the United States and Indonesia. Primary data from was collected through observation and interview with official representative of General Aviation Terminal (GAT) in Ngurah Rai Internasional Airport and manager of Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport. Secondary data came from documentation study. Based on the United States, experience, the recommendations are consideration for general aviation airport on national airport planning, development of basic criteria for general aviation airport, planning of function and activities for general aviation airport, and provision for general aviation airport facilities. Saat ini, kegiatan general aviation memiliki pertumbuhan yang signifikan di dunia penerbangan. Bahkan, kategori bandar udara terbanyak di Amerika Serikat adalah bandar udara general aviation. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan pemahaman pelayanan bandar udara untuk mendukung aktivitas general aviation berdasarkan pengalaman Amerika Serikat dalam merencanakan skebandarudaraan nasional sehingga dapat memberikan rekomendasi kepada Indonesia dalam mengembangkan bandar udara yang sesuai untuk kegiatan general aviation. Penelitian ini menggunakan strategi kualitatif melalui studi kasus dan metode perbandingan untuk 2 kasus Amerika Serikat dan Indonesia. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui observasi dan wawancara kepada pengelola General Aviation Terminal (GAT) di Bandar Udara Internasional Ngurah Rai dan pengelola Bandar Udara Internasional Halim Perdanakusuma. Data sekunder berasal dari studi dokumentasi. Berdasarkan pengalaman di Amerika Serikat, beberapa rekomendasi antara lain pertimbangan untuk bandar udara general aviation dalam perencanaan kebandarudaraan nasional, pengembangan kriteria bandar udara general aviation, perencanaan fungsi dan aktivitas untuk bandar udara general aviation, dan penyediaan fasilitas di bandar udara general aviation.

scholarly journals A Study on Single Pilot Resource Management Using Integral Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process

Safety ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Kwang Hyun Im ◽  
Woongyi Kim ◽  
Seock-Jin Hong
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Analytical Hierarchy Process ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Fuzzy Ahp ◽  
The United States ◽  
Aviation Safety ◽  
General Aviation ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Integral Methods ◽  
Hierarchy Process

This research aims to help develop aviation safety policies for the general aviation industry, especially for flight training schools. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP), fuzzy AHP, and fuzzy integral methods were used to find variables that impact aviation safety for training pilots in Korea and the United States using survey participants’ experience and perceptions. The results represent the circumstances of aviation safety in the real world where single pilot resource management, especially situational awareness, is crucial. The authors find that integral fuzzy AHP provides more explicit considerations, making up for the ambiguity of the linguistic responses caused by the AHP and fuzzy AHP.

scholarly journals Weekly patterns of aerosol in the United States

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 2729-2739 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Murphy ◽  
S. L. Capps ◽  
J. S. Daniel ◽  
G. J. Frost ◽  
W. H. White
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fine Particle ◽  
Elemental Carbon ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diesel Emissions ◽  
General Aviation ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Weekly Cycle ◽  
Weekly Cycles

Abstract. Data from the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network of aerosol samplers and NOAA monitoring sites are examined for weekly cycles. At remote and rural sites, fine particle elemental carbon, crustal elements, and coarse particle mass had pronounced (up to 20%) weekly cycles with minima on Sunday or Monday. Fine particle organic carbon and mass had smaller amplitude cycles, also with Sunday or Monday minima. There was no statistically significant weekly cycle in fine particle sulfate despite a 5 to 15% weekly cycle in power plant SO2 emissions. Although results for nitrate may be more susceptible to sampling artifacts, nitrate also showed a pronounced weekly cycle with an amplitude similar to elemental carbon. The only species found with a weekend maximum was Pb, probably from general aviation on weekends. Aerosol optical properties at NOAA monitoring sites were consistent with the IMPROVE chemical data, with significant weekly cycles in aerosol light absorption but not light scattering. These results support a large role of diesel emissions in elemental carbon aerosol over the entire United States and suggest that a large fraction of the airborne soil dust is anthropogenic. They also suggest that studies of weekly cycles in temperature, cloudiness, precipitation, or other meteorological variables should look for causes more in light-absorbing particles and possible ice nucleation by dust rather than sulfate or total aerosol. There are also implications for personal exposure and epidemiological studies of aerosol health effects.

scholarly journals Do wind turbines pose roll hazards to light aircraft?

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 833-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Tomaszewski ◽  
Julie K. Lundquist ◽  
Matthew J. Churchfield ◽  
Patrick J. Moriarty
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
The United States ◽  
General Aviation ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Stable Case ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Small Aircraft

Abstract. Wind energy accounted for 5.6 % of all electricity generation in the United States in 2016. Much of this development has occurred in rural locations, where open spaces favorable for harnessing wind also serve general aviation airports. As such, nearly 40 % of all United States wind turbines exist within 10 km of a small airport. Wind turbines generate electricity by extracting momentum from the atmosphere, creating downwind wakes characterized by wind-speed deficits and increased turbulence. Recently, the concern that turbine wakes pose hazards for small aircraft has been used to limit wind-farm development. Herein, we assess roll hazards to small aircraft using large-eddy simulations (LES) of a utility-scale turbine wake. Wind-generated lift forces and subsequent rolling moments are calculated for hypothetical aircraft transecting the wake in various orientations. Stably and neutrally stratified cases are explored, with the stable case presenting a possible worst-case scenario due to longer-persisting wakes permitted by lower ambient turbulence. In both cases, only 0.001 % of rolling moments experienced by hypothetical aircraft during down-wake and cross-wake transects lead to an increased risk of rolling.

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