Rebirth of the Phase Comparison Line Protection Principle

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Kasztenny ◽  
I. Voloh
Keyword(s):  
Comparison Line

Performance of Phase Comparison Line Protection Under Inverter-Based Resources and Impact of the German Grid Code

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aboutaleb Haddadi ◽  
Ilhan Kocar ◽  
Jean Mahseredjian ◽  
Ulas Karaagac ◽  
Evangelos Farantatos
Keyword(s):  
Comparison Line

Speeding up phase comparison line protection by means of TDQ-based current unbalance analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 106557
Author(s):  
Marayanne Cristalino Chaves de Almeida ◽  
Felipe Vigolvino Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Comparison Line ◽  
Current Unbalance

Apparent Depth and the Müller—Lyer Illusion

Perception ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Georgeson ◽  
C Blakemore
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Apparent Depth ◽  
Size Constancy ◽  
Comparison Line ◽  
Perspective View ◽  
Lyer Illusion ◽  
Classical Size

The Müller–Lyer illusion was presented stereoscopically as either a flat or a three-dimensional figure. When the flat figure was made to appear closer or further than a comparison line, the illusion persisted along with large changes in overall size due to classical size constancy. When the fins of the figure were tilted in depth the illusion was somewhat reduced for both forward and backward tilts. It is argued that the size-constancy theory of illusions should predict an enhancement when stereopsis and the typical perspective view' reinforce each other, and abolition or reversal of the illusion when they are in opposition. These results therefore pose some problems for the theory.

Effects of Gap Size between Shaft and Fins and of Angle of Fins on the Müller—Lyer illusion

Perception ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander W Pressey ◽  
Vincent Di Lollo ◽  
Robert W Tait
Keyword(s):  
Assimilation Theory ◽  
Gap Size ◽  
Comparison Line ◽  
Lyer Illusion ◽  
Apparent Length

Assimilation theory was employed to generate quantitative predictions relating the ingoing Müller—Lyer illusion to both angle of fin and gap between shaft and fin. Gap sizes were varied from zero to 18 mm in steps of 2 mm, and angles of fins were varied from 30° to 180° in steps of 30°. Five subjects adjusted the length of a comparison line to match the apparent length of the shaft at each combination of gap size and angle of fin. It was predicted that the gap necessary for a reversed illusion to occur, and the gap at which the maximal reversed effect occurred, would be inversely related to angle of fins. Empirical functions verified the predictions.

scholarly journals A test of selected comparison-line fitting techniques

1990 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin F. Gulliver ◽  
Graham Hill
Keyword(s):  
Comparison Line ◽  
Line Fitting

The Horizontal-Vertical Illusion: Independence of Line Bisection and a Comparison Line

1987 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 943-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon A. McBride ◽  
Judith M. Risser ◽  
Burton M. Slotnick
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Horizontal Plane ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Line Bisection ◽  
Vertical Line ◽  
Horizontal Line ◽  
Production Task ◽  
Comparison Line ◽  
Long Line ◽  
Blank Sheet

Undergraduate students in social science and architecture did not differ in their accuracy of adjusting the vertical lines of L and inverted-T figures to be equal to a 1-in. horizontal line (the adjustment task) or in producing a 1-in. long line in the vertical or horizontal plane on a blank sheet of paper (the production task). In the adjustment task vertical lines were made significantly shorter than the horizontal comparison line and the shortening of the vertical line was significantly greater for the inverted-T than for the L-figure. In the production task lines drawn in the horizontal plane did not differ significantly from 1 inch but those drawn in the vertical plane were significantly shorter than 1 inch. Further, the magnitude of this error was equal to that obtained with the inverted-T figure. These results demonstrate that, while line bisection (the bisection of the horizontal by the vertical in the inverted-T figure) contributes to the horizontal-vertical illusion, the illusion clearly exists in the absence of a comparison line and can be accounted for as an overestimation of the vertical line.

The Horizontal-Vertical Illusion and Knowledge of Results

1988 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary M. Brosvic ◽  
Beth D. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Plane ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Illusion Magnitude ◽  
Line Bisection ◽  
Vertical Line ◽  
Comparison Line ◽  
Knowledge Of Results ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Figure Type

The Horizontal-Vertical (HV) Illusion was examined in two studies in which subjects adjusted the vertical line in L-shaped and inverted-T figures or produced lines in the vertical and horizontal planes. On the adjustment tasks, vertical lines were made significantly shorter than horizontal comparison lines, especially for the inverted-T figure. On the production tasks, lines drawn in the vertical plane were significantly shorter than lines drawn in the horizontal plane. The adjusted and created lines of subjects receiving intertrial feedback on illusion magnitude were significantly more accurate and less variable than the estimations of control subjects. Performance on either task or figure type did not differ as a function of sex of subject. The present results show that the HV illusion exists in the absence of line bisection or a comparison line and results from the overestimation of vertical lines. These findings further clarify the relative contributions of the structural and strategy mechanisms in the formation of the Horizontal-Vertical Illusion.

Response Confidence and the Ponzo Illusion

1992 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis F. Diaz ◽  
Eugene R. Delay
Keyword(s):  
Ponzo Illusion ◽  
Comparison Line ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Response Confidence ◽  
Confidence Ratings

The number of longer line judgements and the ratings of confidence in these judgements were significantly higher when the comparison line was located near the apex of the Ponzo wedge but only confidence ratings were affected by the orientation of the wedge ( ns = 24 men, 24 women). Differences between the two measures suggest that perceptual and nonperceptual processes may be involved in the illusion.

Evidence for the Role of Attentive Fields in the Perception of Illusions

1974 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 464-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander W. Pressey
Keyword(s):  
Ponzo Illusion ◽  
Assimilation Theory ◽  
Comparison Line ◽  
Lyer Illusion ◽  
Correct Direction ◽  
Perception Of Illusions

On the basis of the concept of attentive fields, it was predicted that the position of the comparison line would systematically affect the amount of illusion displayed in the Ponzo configuration and in two impoverished forms of the Müller-Lyer illusion. Ten of 12 predictions which seemed to be unique to assimilation theory were verified statistically and the remaining two predictions were in the correct direction. A reversed Ponzo illusion which was expected from the concept of attentive fields was not exhibited. This latter result was explained on the basis of the fact that the Müller-Lyer illusion of elongation is normally greater than the Müller-Lyer illusion of shrinkage.

Effects of Figure Context on the Apparent Length of a Line

1997 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 551-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun R. Luo ◽  
Su Wang
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Context Effect ◽  
Visual Illusions ◽  
Standard Line ◽  
Comparison Line ◽  
Apparent Length ◽  
Stretching Effect

This study investigated the effects of figure context on the apparent length of a line. In Exp. 1, ten participants were asked to adjust the length of a comparison line to match a standard line enclosed within a rectangle. The participants consistently overestimated the length of the standard line, demonstrating the stretching effect of figure context on the apparent length of a line. In Exp. 2 (12 participants), the size of the context figure was varied and it had no significant influence on the magnitude of the context effect. In Exp. 3 (nine participants), the context effect was shown not only for squares and rectangles but also for other shapes of figures such as circles and 5-pointed stars. We discuss the possible mechanism of the figure-context effect within Gregory's (1970, 1978) misapplied constancy theory of visual illusions.

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