A middleware architecture for vertical integration

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Ismail ◽  
Wolfgang Kastner
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Integration

Assessing the size of agricultural holdings

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-116
Author(s):  
N. I. Shagaida
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Vertical Integration ◽  
Total Revenue ◽  
Large Share ◽  
State Support ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Agricultural Organizations ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
To Receive

The article clarifies the concept of “agricultural holding”, using an approach to assessing the size on the basis of the total revenue of all agricultural organizations within the agricultural holding. It has been revealed that only 100 of the total number of agricultural holdings that were identified can be attributed to large business entities. They comprise about 3% of agricultural organizations in the country, while their share in the proceeds is about 37%. A large share of agricultural holdings — large business subjects under the control of Russian entities operate in one, and under the control of foreign legal entities — in three or more regions of the Russian Federation. Vertical integration within the framework of large agricultural holdings with different schemes for including the stages of processing and sale of products produced in their agricultural organizations allows them to receive advantages. Strengthening the role of large business entities in agriculture puts on the agenda the issue of differentiating approaches to taxation and state support in agriculture, depending on the size of the companies’ agricultural businesses.

InP-Based Unipolar Heterostructure Diode for Vertical Integration, Level Shifting, and Small Signal Rectification

2010 ◽  
Vol E93-C (8) ◽  
pp. 1309-1314
Author(s):  
Werner PROST ◽  
Dudu ZHANG ◽  
Benjamin MÜNSTERMANN ◽  
Tobias FELDENGUT ◽  
Ralf GEITMANN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Integration ◽  
Small Signal

VERTICAL INTEGRATION IN AGRICULTURE AS A TOOL FOOD SECURITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Vladimir Ivanovich Hajduk ◽  
Anna Viktorovna Kondrashova ◽  
Maja G. Paremuzova
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Vertical Integration

Barriers to Entry and Implications for Competition Policy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Roberts
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Vertical Integration ◽  
Competition Policy ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Barriers To Entry ◽  
Access To Finance ◽  
African Context ◽  
Regulatory Barriers ◽  
Consumer Switching

Competition requires rivals. While this rivalry may come from imports, the development of local capabilities and productive capacity for rivalry, including by black industrialists in the South African context, means understanding the barriers to entry that local producers must overcome. Barriers to entry are also critical for the correct balance between the risks of over- and under-enforcement and are one reason why it has been recommended that countries should adopt different standards for competition evaluation. This chapter draws on studies of barriers to entry in different markets in South Africa to consider the nature and extent of these barriers and the implications for competition policy. It highlights issues related to regulatory barriers, consumer switching costs and branding, routes to market, and vertical integration, as well as economies of scale and access to finance.

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