Affordable Instrument Design for Seismic Monitoring, Early Warning Systems and Control Actions to Risk Mitigation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Montalvo Garcia ◽  
Antonio Noe Perez Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Seismic Monitoring ◽  
Instrument Design ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Control Actions ◽  
Systems And Control ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Quantifying the effectiveness of early warning systems for natural hazards

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sättele ◽  
M. Bründl ◽  
D. Straub
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Integrated Risk ◽  
Framework Approach

Abstract. Early warning systems (EWSs) are increasingly applied as preventive measures within an integrated risk management approach for natural hazards. At present, common standards and detailed guidelines for the evaluation of their effectiveness are lacking. To support decision-makers in the identification of optimal risk mitigation measures, a three-step framework approach for the evaluation of EWSs is presented. The effectiveness is calculated in function of the technical and the inherent reliability of the EWS. The framework is applicable to automated and non-automated EWSs and combinations thereof. To address the specifics and needs of a wide variety of EWS designs, a classification of EWSs is provided, which focuses on the degree of automations encountered in varying EWSs. The framework and its implementation are illustrated through a series of example applications of EWS in an alpine environment.

scholarly journals Quantifying the effectiveness of early warning systems for natural hazards

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 4479-4526 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sättele ◽  
M. Bründl ◽  
D. Straub
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Integrated Risk ◽  
Framework Approach

Abstract. Early warning systems (EWS) are increasingly applied as preventive measures within an integrated risk management approach for natural hazards. At present, common standards and detailed guidelines for the evaluation of their effectiveness are lacking. To support decision-makers in the identification of optimal risk mitigation measures, a three-step framework approach for the evaluation of EWS is presented. The effectiveness is calculated in function of the technical and the inherent reliability of the EWS. The framework is applicable to automated and non-automated EWS and combinations thereof. To address the specifics and needs of a wide variety of EWS designs, a classification of EWS is provided, which focuses on the degree of automations encountered in varying EWS. The framework and its implementation are illustrated through a series of example applications of EWS in an alpine environment.

scholarly journals User interface prototype for geospatial early warning systems – a tsunami showcase

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hammitzsch ◽  
M. Lendholt ◽  
M. Á. Esbrí
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Synergy Effects ◽  
Human Operators ◽  
And Control

Abstract. The command and control unit's graphical user interface (GUI) is a central part of early warning systems (EWS) for man-made and natural hazards. The GUI combines and concentrates the relevant information of the system and offers it to human operators. It has to support operators successfully performing their tasks in complex workflows. Most notably in critical situations when operators make important decisions in a limited amount of time, the command and control unit's GUI has to work reliably and stably, providing the relevant information and functionality with the required quality and in time. The design of the GUI application is essential in the development of any EWS to manage hazards effectively. The design and development of such GUI is performed repeatedly for each EWS by various software architects and developers. Implementations differ based on their application in different domains. But similarities designing and equal approaches implementing GUIs of EWS are not quite harmonized enough with related activities and do not exploit possible synergy effects. Thus, the GUI's implementation of an EWS for tsunamis is successively introduced, providing a generic approach to be applied in each EWS for man-made and natural hazards.

Framework for Graphical User Interfaces of Geospatial Early Warning Systems

2013 ◽  
pp. 449-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Hammitzsch
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Graphical User Interface ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Human Operators ◽  
And Control

An important component of Early Warning Systems (EWS) for man-made and natural hazards is the command and control unit’s Graphical User Interface (GUI). All relevant information of an EWS is concentrated in this GUI and offered to human operators. However, when designing the GUI, not only the user experience and the GUI’s screens are relevant, but also the frameworks and technologies that the GUI is built on and the implementation of the GUI itself are of great importance. Implementations differ based on their applications in different domains but the design and approaches to implement the GUIs of different EWS often show analogies. The design and development of such GUIs are performed repeatedly on some parts of the system for each EWS. Thus, the generic GUI framework of a geospatial EWS for tsunamis is introduced to enable possible synergistic effects on the development of other new related technology. The results presented here could be adopted and reused in other EWS for man-made and natural hazards.

An early warning system for rainfall-triggered shallow slides and debris flows. Application in Catalonia, Spain and Canton of Bern, Switzerland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa M Palau ◽  
Marc Berenguer ◽  
Marcel Hürlimann ◽  
Daniel Sempere-Torres ◽  
Catherine Berger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Radar Rainfall ◽  
Susceptibility Maps ◽  
Landslide Event

<p>Risk mitigation for rainfall-triggered shallow slides and debris flows at regional scale is challenging. Early warning systems are a helpful tool to depict the location and time of future landslide events so that emergency managers can act in advance. Recently, some of the regions that are recurrently affected by rainfall triggered landslides have developed operational landslide early warning systems (LEWS). However, there are still many territories where this phenomenon also represents an important hazard and lack this kind of risk mitigation strategy.</p><p>The main objective of this work is to study the feasibility to apply a regional scale LEWS, which was originally designed to work over Catalonia (Spain), to run in other regions. To do so we have set up the LEWS to Canton of Bern (Switzerland).</p><p>The LEWS combines susceptibility maps to determine landslide prone areas and in real time high-resolution radar rainfall observations and forecasts. The output is a qualitative warning level map with a resolution of 30 m.</p><p>Susceptibility maps have been derived using a simple fuzzy logic methodology that combines the terrain slope angle, and land use and land cover (LULC) information. The required input parameters have been obtained from regional, pan-European and global datasets.</p><p>Rainfall inputs have been retrieved from both regional weather radar networks, and the OPERA pan-European radar composite. A set of global rainfall intensity-duration data has been used to asses if a rainfall event has the potential of triggering a landslide event.</p><p>The LEWS has been run in the region of Catalonia and Canton of Bern for specific rainfall events that triggered important landslides. Finally, the LEWS performance in Catalonia has been assessed.</p><p>Results in Catalonia show that the LEWS performance strongly depends on the quality of both the susceptibility maps and rainfall data. However, in both regions the LEWS is generally able to issue warnings for most of the analysed landslide events.</p>

scholarly journals Community-based early warning systems for flood risk mitigation in Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Smith ◽  
Sarah Brown ◽  
Sumit Dugar
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Lead Times ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Probabilistic Forecasts

Abstract. This paper focuses on the use of community-based early warning systems for flood resilience in Nepal. The first part of the work outlines the evolution and current status of these community-based systems, highlighting the limited lead times currently available for early warning. The second part of the paper focuses on the development of a robust operational flood forecasting methodology for use by the Nepal Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DHM) to enhance early warning lead times. The methodology uses data-based physically interpretable time series models and data assimilation to generate probabilistic forecasts, which are presented in a simple visual tool. The approach is designed to work in situations of limited data availability with an emphasis on sustainability and appropriate technology. The successful application of the forecast methodology to the flood-prone Karnali River basin in western Nepal is outlined, increasing lead times from 2–3 to 7–8 h. The challenges faced in communicating probabilistic forecasts to the last mile of the existing community-based early warning systems across Nepal is discussed. The paper concludes with an assessment of the applicability of this approach in basins and countries beyond Karnali and Nepal and an overview of key lessons learnt from this initiative.

Framework for Graphical User Interfaces of Geospatial Early Warning Systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-63
Author(s):  
Martin Hammitzsch
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Graphical User Interfaces ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Human Operators ◽  
And Control

An important component of Early Warning Systems (EWS) for man-made and natural hazards is the command and control unit’s Graphical User Interface (GUI). All relevant information of an EWS is concentrated in this GUI and offered to human operators. However, when designing the GUI, not only the user experience and the GUI’s screens are relevant, but also the frameworks and technologies that the GUI is built on and the implementation of the GUI itself are of great importance. Implementations differ based on their applications in different domains but the design and approaches to implement the GUIs of different EWS often show analogies. The design and development of such GUIs are performed repeatedly on some parts of the system for each EWS. Thus, the generic GUI framework of a geospatial EWS for tsunamis is introduced to enable possible synergistic effects on the development of other new related technology. The results presented here could be adopted and reused in other EWS for man-made and natural hazards.

Framework for Graphical User Interfaces of Geospatial Early Warning Systems

2013 ◽  
pp. 257-272
Author(s):  
Martin Hammitzsch
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Graphical User Interface ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Human Operators ◽  
And Control

An important component of Early Warning Systems (EWS) for man-made and natural hazards is the command and control unit’s Graphical User Interface (GUI). All relevant information of an EWS is concentrated in this GUI and offered to human operators. However, when designing the GUI, not only the user experience and the GUI’s screens are relevant, but also the frameworks and technologies that the GUI is built on and the implementation of the GUI itself are of great importance. Implementations differ based on their applications in different domains but the design and approaches to implement the GUIs of different EWS often show analogies. The design and development of such GUIs are performed repeatedly on some parts of the system for each EWS. Thus, the generic GUI framework of a geospatial EWS for tsunamis is introduced to enable possible synergistic effects on the development of other new related technology. The results presented here could be adopted and reused in other EWS for man-made and natural hazards.

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