Great reduction of depolarization loss by use of a [110]-cut YAG crystal

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Shoji ◽  
T. Taira
Keyword(s):  
Great Reduction ◽  
Depolarization Loss

scholarly journals A Latency-Optimized Network-on-Chip with Rapid Bypass Channels

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 621
Author(s):  
Wenheng Ma ◽  
Xiyao Gao ◽  
Yudi Gao ◽  
Ningmei Yu
Keyword(s):  
Great Reduction ◽  
Network On Chip ◽  
Traffic Patterns ◽  
Single Cycle ◽  
High Bandwidth ◽  
On Chip

Network-on-Chips with simple topologies are widely used due to their scalability and high bandwidth. The transmission latency increases greatly with the number of on-chip nodes. A NoC, called single-cycle multi-hop asynchronous repeated traversal (SMART), is proposed to solve the problem by bypassing intermediate routers. However, the bypass setup request of SMART requires additional pipeline stages and wires. In this paper, we present a NoC with rapid bypass channels that integrates the bypass information into each flit. In the proposed NoC, all the bypass requests are delivered along with flits at the same time reducing the transmission latency. Besides, the bypass request is unicasted in our design instead of broadcasting in SMART leading to a great reduction in wire overhead. We evaluate the NoC in four synthetic traffic patterns. The result shows that the latency of our proposed NoC is 63.54% less than the 1-cycle NoC. Compared to SMART, more than 80% wire overhead and 27% latency are reduced.

Learning physiology from cardiac surgery patients.

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (6) ◽  
pp. S74
Author(s):  
S Nicol ◽  
C Narkowicz
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Great Reduction ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Computer Based

A number of pressures have led to a very great reduction or complete abandonment of the use of animals in the teaching of physiology in most medical schools. Often animal experiments have been replaced by computer simulations, but a simulation is only as good as the model or algorithm on which it is based and can never contain the depth of information or unpredictability displayed by real animals or patients. We used a computer-based system to collect cardiovascular data from patients instrumented for cardiac surgery, allowing students to "replay" an operation. These recordings were annotated with notes, diagrams and video clips, and a student workbook was written. The resulting package contained a wealth of physiological data and was perceived by students to be very clinically relevant. The very wealth of information, however, tended to overwhelm students, and so a series of introductory Computer tutorials were written to provide students with the background necessary to cope with the clinical data.

SBA-15 Molecular Sieve Using Clay as Silicon Sources

2014 ◽  
Vol 798-799 ◽  
pp. 116-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Medeiros de Paula ◽  
L.A. Lima ◽  
Meiry Glaúcia Freire Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Great Reduction ◽  
Molecular Sieve ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Research Teams ◽  
Silica Source ◽  
Silicon Sources

New sources of silica as a replacement for TEOS in the synthesis of SBA-15 are been performed by various research teams worldwide. The aim of this work is to describe the synthesis and characterization of SBA-15 made with chocolate B clay as an alternative source of silica by the hydrothermal method. Samples of classic SBA-15 were made with the traditional TEOS method. The samples of the two silica sources were characterized by DRX, EDX, and BET to evaluate the effects of the silica source on the synthesis of the molecular sieve. The chocolate B clay was efficient in the formation of the molecular sieve structure, but there was a great reduction in the surface area and total pore volume in comparison to the surface area of classic SBA-15.

Ontogeny in the fossil record: diversification of body plans and the evolution of “aberrant” symmetry in Paleozoic echinoderms

Paleobiology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin D. Sumrall ◽  
Gregory A. Wray
Keyword(s):  
Great Reduction ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Total Loss ◽  
Cambrian Explosion ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Ecological Constraints ◽  
Fivefold Symmetry ◽  
Primary Body ◽  
History Of

Echinoderms have long been characterized by the presence of ambulacra that exhibit pentaradiate symmetry and define five primary body axes. In reality, truly pentaradial ambulacral symmetry is a condition derived only once in the evolutionary history of echinoderms and is restricted to eleutherozoans, the clade that contains most living echinoderm species. In contrast, early echinoderms have a bilaterally symmetrical 2-1-2 arrangement, with three ambulacra radiating from the mouth. Branching of the two side ambulacra during ontogeny produces the five adult rays. During the Cambrian Explosion and Ordovician Radiation, some 30 clades of echinoderms evolved, many of which have aberrant ambulacral systems with one to four rays. Unfortunately, no underlying model has emerged that explains ambulacral homologies among disparate forms. Here we show that most Paleozoic echinoderms are characterized by uniquely identifiable ambulacra that develop in three distinct postlarval stages. Nearly all “aberrant” echinoderm morphologies can be explained by the paedomorphic ambulacra reduction (PAR) model through the loss of some combination of these growth stages during ontogeny. Superficially similar patterns of ambulacral reduction in distantly related clades have resulted from the parallel loss of homologous ambulacra during ontogeny. Pseudo-fivefold symmetry seen in Blastoidea and the true fivefold symmetry seen in Eleutherozoa result from great reduction and total loss, respectively, of the 2–1–2 symmetry early in ontogeny. These ambulacral variations suggest that both developmental and ecological constraints affect the evolution of novel echinoderm body plans.

scholarly journals Effects of Local Irradiation (Co60 Teletherapy) on the Peripheral Blood and Bone Marrow

Blood ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 605-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. GOSWITZ ◽  
G. A. ANDREWS ◽  
R. M. KNISELEY
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Great Reduction ◽  
Radiation Effect ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Pubic Bone ◽  
Morphologic Change ◽  
Local Irradiation ◽  
Cell Series

Abstract 1. Local Co60 teletherapy caused a reduction in leukocytes and lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. 2. The bone marrow demonstrated no morphologic change in nonirradiated control sites. 3. Local irradiation produced a pronounced and persistent hypoplasia in the treated sites during and after irradiation, with a great reduction in the numbers of megakaryocytes and precursors of red and white cells. During the period of greatest radiation effect the persistent cells were chiefly plasma cells, "mononuclear cells," and lymphocytes. 4. Even after "cancerocidal" radiotherapy, irradiated bone marrow shows some capacity to regenerate as evidenced by appearance of precursors of various cell series and their ability to incorporate tritium-labeled thymidine. 5. Hemosiderin increased in varying degrees in irradiated sites but showed no change in the control sites. 6. Satisfactory marrow samples can be aspirated from the pubic bone.

Forelimb Joint Mobility and the Evolution of Wing-Propelled Diving in Birds

The Auk ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Raikow ◽  
Lesley Bicanovsky ◽  
Anthony H. Bledsoe
Keyword(s):  
Great Reduction ◽  
Joint Mobility ◽  
Functional Capacities ◽  
Shape Changes

Abstract We measured wing joint mobility in penguins, alcids, diving-petrels, and non-diving fliers. Great reduction in mobility of the intrinsic wing joints was found in penguins, but not in alcids or diving-petrels. This reduction is correlated with simplification of the intrinsic wing musculature. In contrast, alcids and diving-petrels, which use their wings in both air and water, retain the full functional capacities for flight. Movement through the air probably requires a capability for subtle and varied motions, forces, and shape changes that preclude stiffening and simplification of the wing. Hence, the conversion of an aerial wing to a flipper, as in penguins, must be possible only after the evolutionary loss of flight.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Platelet Density and Number of Dense Bodies

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Rendu ◽  
M. Lebret ◽  
J.P. Caen
Keyword(s):  
Great Reduction ◽  
Sucrose Gradient ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
The Other ◽  
Storage Site ◽  
Good Relationship ◽  
Dense Bodies ◽  
Hermansky Pudlak Syndrome ◽  
5 Ht Uptake ◽  
Bernard Soulier Syndrome

Dense bodies are the storage site of 5-HT and their number might correlate with the different platelet populations. Mepacrine, a basic fluorescent dye, is a suitable tool for studying abnormalities in platelet 5-HT storage.The content of platelet DB can be readily estimated by examination under fluorescence microscope of platelets charged with mepacrine. In human platelets, a mean number of 6.3 DB/ platelet was found. This estimation has been performed in platelets of different densities separated on sucrose gradient : heavy platelets, in which 5-HT uptake is strongly inhibited by reserpine, had a mean number of 7 DB/platelet and none was empty of DB ; light platelets which are less active in regard to 5-HT and insensitive to reserpine, had less than 3 DB/platelet and most of them had a cytoplasmatic fluorescence. Thus the proportion of light and heavy platelets can be directly established by staining platelets with mepacrine.In view of this, platelets of two patients with an abnormal density distribution were studied for 5-HT and charged with mepacrine. The first presented an Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS), an increased proportion, of light platelets, a low 5-HT uptake insensitive to reserpine and a great reduction of mepacrine-stained DB. The other patient with a Bernard-Soulier syndrome had only heavy platelets ; 5-HT uptake in these large platelets was markedly increased and all platelets had more than 20 DB stained with mepacrine.These results confirm that there is a good relationship between platelet density and number of dense bodies.

Two Stage Design in a Community Survey

1986 ◽  
Vol 149 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Vázquez-Barquero ◽  
J. F. Díez-Manrique ◽  
C. Peña ◽  
R. G. Quintanal ◽  
M. Labrador Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Great Reduction ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Screening Instrument ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Stage Design ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Transient States ◽  
Global Efficiency ◽  
Two Stage Design

By comparison with the PSE-ID system, we showed that the GHQ-60 could be used with good results as a screening instrument in the first of a two stage community survey. Unlike the sensitivity and negative predictive values, the specificity and positive predictive rates reach low figures in this study. The global efficiency and positive and negative predictive values of the test are significantly improved by raising its cut-off score, but at the expense of great reduction in sensitivity. The revised scoring system failed to provide better prediction of caseness' than conventional scoring. The GHQ does not distinguish fully between persons in the community afflicted by ‘transient states of distress' and those whose symptoms would classify them as cases' by the PSE.

Comprehensive Engineering: A New Concurrent Engineering to Reduce Cost and Increase Productivity Across Industries

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuichi Fukuda
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Concurrent Engineering ◽  
Great Reduction ◽  
Time Cost ◽  
Time To Market ◽  
Individual Industry ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Reduction Of Energy Consumption

Concurrent Engineering (CE) realized faster time to market with great reduction of time, cost and energy. This old version of CE, however, focused its attention to production within an individual industry. It is process-focused. It is pointed out that if we expand CE from individual industry to a group of industries, greater increase of productivity and reduction of cost can be achieved. In this new version of industry-focused CE, overlaps will be eliminated and common functions across industries are pursued. Such seamless engineering will bring us a great reduction of energy consumption and it will contribute a great deal toward the establishment of the green society.

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