A textural modification of the MMAC algorithm for individual tree delineation in forest stand using aerial bitmap images

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinsu Lin ◽  
Chein-Shun Lo ◽  
Gavin Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Forest Stand ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Textural Modification

Modelling growing stock volume of forest stands with various ALS area-based approaches

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Parkitna ◽  
Grzegorz Krok ◽  
Stanisław Miścicki ◽  
Krzysztof Ukalski ◽  
Marek Lisańczuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Boosted Regression Trees ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Modelling Techniques ◽  
Stock Volume

Abstract Airborne laser scanning (ALS) is one of the most innovative remote sensing tools with a recognized important utility for characterizing forest stands. Currently, the most common ALS-based method applied in the estimation of forest stand characteristics is the area-based approach (ABA). The aim of this study was to analyse how three ABA methods affect growing stock volume (GSV) estimates at the sample plot and forest stand levels. We examined (1) an ABA with point cloud metrics, (2) an ABA with canopy height model (CHM) metrics and (3) an ABA with aggregated individual tree CHM-based metrics. What is more, three different modelling techniques: multiple linear regression, boosted regression trees and random forest, were applied to all ABA methods, which yielded a total of nine combinations to report. An important element of this work is also the empirical verification of the methods for estimating the GSV error for individual forest stand. All nine combinations of the ABA methods and different modelling techniques yielded very similar predictions of GSV for both sample plots and forest stands. The root mean squared error (RMSE) of estimated GSV ranged from 75 to 85 m3 ha−1 (RMSE% = 20.5–23.4 per cent) and from 57 to 64 m3 ha−1 (RMSE% = 16.4–18.3 per cent) for plots and stands, respectively. As a result of the research, it can be concluded that GSV modelling with the use of different ALS processing approaches and statistical methods leads to very similar results. Therefore, the choice of a GSV prediction method may be more determined by the availability of data and competences than by the requirement to use a particular method.

scholarly journals Using Airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) to Characterize Forest Stand Condition on the Kenai Peninsula of Alaska

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Erik Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Grid Cell ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Light Detection And Ranging ◽  
Inventory Analysis ◽  
Light Detection ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Kenai Peninsula

Abstract Airborne laser scanning (also known as light detection and ranging or LIDAR) data were used to estimate three fundamental forest stand condition classes (forest stand size, land cover type, and canopy closure) at 32 Forest Inventory Analysis (FIA) plots distributed over the Kenai Peninsula of Alaska. Individual tree crown segment attributes (height, area, and species type) were derived from the three-dimensional LIDAR point cloud, LIDAR-based canopy height models, and LIDAR return intensity information. The LIDAR-based crown segment and canopy cover information was then used to estimate condition classes at each 10-m grid cell on a 300 × 300-m area surrounding each FIA plot. A quantitative comparison of the LIDAR- and field-based condition classifications at the subplot centers indicates that LIDAR has potential as a useful sampling tool in an operational forest inventory program.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Determining the Market Value of Forest Real Properties Using Various Valuation Techniques

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Buśko
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Market Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Forest Management Plan ◽  
Survey Approach

Abstract The paper presents procedures for determining market values of forest real properties, with particular emphasis placed on the forest stand. The mixed-approach valuation procedure - land valuation index method - was analyzed. The practical part of the work regarding the valuation of the forest stand introduces the various techniques of valuation and acquisition of data on forest resources used, i.e.: index-based valuation approach and stock survey approach. The subject of the research is part of a forest property, which represents an assessment area, typical of the southern part of Poland, located in the Tenczynek Forest Division. There is a forest management plan for the analyzed property which, together with the assessment descriptions, was used as one of the sources of data for valuation. The second source of data for valuation were direct field surveys, i.e.: geodetic surveys for determining the assessment area and the stock survey approach with individual tree assessment with respect to data on the stand. Based on the research, it may be concluded that both valuation techniques and methods used to capture data on forest resources significantly affect the final value of forest properties. The market value of the stand, determined by the index-based valuation approach, demonstrates a significant difference when compared to the value of the stand determined by the stock survey approach. The forest management plan should only be used as a supplementary material and only to identify site types of forests by property valuers and, partially, together with economic maps, to determine the boundaries of assessment areas.

scholarly journals Transformation of even-aged spruce stands at the School Forest Enterprise Kostelec nad Černými lesy: Structure and final cutting of mature stand

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 158-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Remeš
Keyword(s):  
Forest Stand ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Main Criterion ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Mature Stand ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Very High

This paper deals with the transformation of pure even-aged forest stands to mixed and more uneven-aged stands on an example of selected even-aged Norway spruce stands in the School Forest Enterprise (SFE) in Kostelec nad Černými lesy. A forest stand where individual tree felling was used as the main method of forest stand regeneration was chosen as a conversion example. The main criterion of tree maturity is the culmination of mean volume increment of a single tree. The analyses confirmed a very high variability in the growth potential of individual trees. The potential and actual increment was strongly influenced by the stand position of tree and by crown release. These results show a high potential level of tree growth even at the age of 120 years. From 30% to 9% of all trees on particular experimental plots achieved felling maturity.

Plot Edge Bias in Forest Stand Growth Simulation Models

1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Monserud ◽  
Alan R. Ek
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Bias Reduction ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Growth Simulation ◽  
Relative Simplicity ◽  
Stand Growth

The problem of edge bias arising in the computation of individual tree competition in stand growth simulation models is discussed. The problem arises from difficulty in characterizing tree size and spatial patterns beyond the edge of the simulation plot. Various methods for reducing this bias are reviewed along with related assumptions and major sources of error. Methods which involve shifting the simulation plot image to form a set of border plots are judged best on the basis of likely bias reduction and the relative simplicity of introduced spatial pattern periodicity.

scholarly journals Virtual forest stand as a component of sophisticated forestry educational systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 419-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fabrika
Keyword(s):  
Stand Structure ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Forest Mensuration ◽  
Internet Environment ◽  
Growth Simulator ◽  
Virtual Reality Model

The paper presents the methodology of virtual stand generation. Virtual stand serves for forestry e-learning as a tool for training of forest tending and demonstration of stand structure and some forest mensuration practices. The model can be connected with growth simulator and geographical information system, or integrated into the Internet environment. In the first part of the paper, the methodology of individual tree visualisation, total stand visualisation, terrain and stand environment visualisation and the principle of user’s interaction with virtual forest are proposed. The Virtual Reality Model Language (VRML 97) was used for these goals. In the second part of the paper, an example of model usage for the training of forest tending is presented.

scholarly journals Models for biomass prediction of Cunninghamia lanceolata tree and stands in Southeastern China

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Guangyi ◽  
Sun Yujun
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Chinese Fir ◽  
Cunninghamia Lanceolata ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Natural Logarithm ◽  
Total Tree

Large uncertainties still remain when using existing biomass equations to estimate total tree and forest stand scale. In this paper, we develop individual-tree biomass models for Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata （Lamb.）Hook.) stands in Fujian Province, southeast of China. For this, we used 74 previously established models that are most commonly used to estimate tree biomass, and selected the best fit models and modified it. The results showed the published model with ln(B) (biomass), ln(D) (diameter at breast height), (ln(H)) 2, (total height) (ln(H))3 and ln(WD) (wood density) to be the best fitting model for estimating the tree biomass of Chinese fir. Furthermore, we observed that variables D, H (height), WD significantly correlated with the total tree biomass estimation model, as a result of it portraying the natural logarithm structure to be the best tree biomass structure. Finally, when a multi-step improvement on tree biomass model was performed, the analytic model with TV (tree volume), WD and BECF (biomass wood density conversion factor), achieved the highest accuracy simulation. Therefore, when combined with TV, WD and BECF to tree biomass volume coefficient bi for Chinese fir, the optimal model is the forest stand biomass (SB) estimation model, model with variables of stand volume (SV) and coefficient bi.

scholarly journals Predicting forest stand variables from airborne LiDAR data using a tree detection method in Central European forests

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 191-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Sačkov ◽  
Ľubomír Scheer ◽  
Tomáš Bucha
Keyword(s):  
Accuracy Assessment ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Tree Detection ◽  
Detection Approach ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Priori Information ◽  
The Individual

Abstract In this study, the individual tree detection approach (ITD) was used to estimate forest stand variables, such as mean height, mean diameter, and total volume. Specifically, we applied the multisource-based method implemented in reFLex software (National Forest Centre, Slovakia) which uses all the information contained in the original point cloud and a priori information. For the accuracy assessment, four reference forest stands with different types of species mixture and the area of 7.5 ha were selected and measured. Furthermore, independent measurements of 1 372 trees were made for the construction of allometric models. The author’s ITD-based method provided slightly more accurate estimations for stands with substantial or moderate dominance of coniferous trees. However, no statistically significant effect of species mix on the overall accuracy was confirmed (p < 0.05). The root mean square error did not exceed 1.9 m for mean height, 3.0 cm for mean diameter, and 12.88 m3 ha−1 for total volume.

scholarly journals Harvest Impacts in Uneven-Aged and Even-Aged Missouri Ozark Forests

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Dwyer ◽  
Daniel C. Dey ◽  
William D. Walter ◽  
Randy G. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
Potential Damage ◽  
Residual Tree ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Forest Managers

Abstract Forest managers are concerned about the potential damage to residual trees and site from cyclic harvest re-entries into the same forest stand. This study summarizes logging and felling damage resulting from the harvesting of silvicultural treatments on a large landscape experiment in southern Missouri that is designed to compare impacts of even-aged, uneven-aged and no management on a wide array of ecosystem components. Although damage levels to bole and crown of leave trees was low for all treatments, the individual tree selection (uneven-aged) treatment did show: (1) higher levels of surface area skidder impact; (2) higher percentage of leave trees with one or more bole wounds; (3) higher number of bole wounds; (4) higher percentage of wounded trees in the dominant and co-dominant crown classes; and (5) the highest percentage of leave trees impacted by logging activity. Preharvest planning that involves the layout and discussion with the skidder operator(s) will reduce the area impacted by skidding to less than 12%. Also, the probability of a bole wound to a residual tree can be reduced to less than 5% if skid trails are kept 30 ft or more from the leave tree. North. J. Appl. For. 21(4):187–193.

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