scholarly journals Self-Adapting Payoff Matrices in Repeated Interactions

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siang Chong ◽  
Xin Yao
Keyword(s):  
Payoff Matrices

scholarly journals Learning Optimal Strategies to Commit To

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 2149-2156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binghui Peng ◽  
Weiran Shen ◽  
Pingzhong Tang ◽  
Song Zuo
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Optimal Strategies ◽  
Payoff Matrix ◽  
Stackelberg Games ◽  
Full Information ◽  
The Past ◽  
Security Games ◽  
Payoff Matrices ◽  
Novel Algorithms

Over the past decades, various theories and algorithms have been developed under the framework of Stackelberg games and part of these innovations have been fielded under the scenarios of national security defenses and wildlife protections. However, one of the remaining difficulties in the literature is that most of theoretical works assume full information of the payoff matrices, while in applications, the leader often has no prior knowledge about the follower’s payoff matrix, but may gain information about the follower’s utility function through repeated interactions. In this paper, we study the problem of learning the optimal leader strategy in Stackelberg (security) games and develop novel algorithms as well as new hardness results.

Studies in Efficiency: Categorizing Efficiency of Schizophrenics and Normals

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1211-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel M. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Efficiency Theory ◽  
Payoff Matrices

It was hypothesized that schizophrenics would adapt their categorizing behavior to meet the demands imposed by payoff matrices less efficiently than normals. In addition, efficiency theory was compared to the over-inclusion hypothesis. 30 schizophrenics and 30 normals categorized a rapidly presented array as containing either 20 or 22 dots under each of 6 conditions determined by 3 matrices and 2 directions of S's attention One matrix required accuracy, one a bias toward 20 dots, and one a bias toward 22 dots. Ss earned money depending on how well they met the demands of the matrices. The predicted interaction between degree of psychopathology and ability to adapt categorizing behavior to meet the demands set by payoff matrices was observed. Normals earned more money than schizophrenics. Schizophrenics were not more inclusive in a category, if their attention was directed to that category, than normals.

Effects of Different Payoff Matrices on Arithmetical Estimation Tasks: An Attempt to Produce “Rationality”

1969 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Lieblich ◽  
Amia Lieblich
Keyword(s):  
Payoff Matrix ◽  
Decision Time ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Estimation Task ◽  
Payoff Matrices

5 experiments were conducted in an attempt to produce a shift in the decision pattern in a forced-choice arithmetical estimation task. The expected shift was related to a change in the payoff matrix attached to the possible outcomes of the decision. The experiments varied in the amount of payoff, clarity of the explanation of the payoff matrix, difficulty of the task, feedback after decision and the length of decision time. None of these manipulations produced the expected rational shift. The role of payoff matrices in decisions in tasks involving skill is discussed.

scholarly journals Acceptable-and-attractive Approximate Solution of a Continuous Non-Cooperative Game on a Product of Sinusoidal Strategy Functional Spaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-197
Author(s):  
Vadim Romanuke
Keyword(s):  
Noncooperative Game ◽  
Phase Lag ◽  
Acceptable Solution ◽  
Uniform Sampling ◽  
Finite Games ◽  
Phase Lags ◽  
Pure Strategies ◽  
Sinusoidal Functions ◽  
Payoff Matrices ◽  
Positive Coefficients

Abstract A problem of solving a continuous noncooperative game is considered, where the player’s pure strategies are sinusoidal functions of time. In order to reduce issues of practical computability, certainty, and realizability, a method of solving the game approximately is presented. The method is based on mapping the product of the functional spaces into a hyperparallelepiped of the players’ phase lags. The hyperparallelepiped is then substituted with a hypercubic grid due to a uniform sampling. Thus, the initial game is mapped into a finite one, in which the players’ payoff matrices are hypercubic. The approximation is an iterative procedure. The number of intervals along the player’s phase lag is gradually increased, and the respective finite games are solved until an acceptable solution of the finite game becomes sufficiently close to the same-type solutions at the preceding iterations. The sufficient closeness implies that the player’s strategies at the succeeding iterations should be not farther from each other than at the preceding iterations. In a more feasible form, it implies that the respective distance polylines are required to be decreasing on average once they are smoothed with respective polynomials of degree 2, where the parabolas must be having positive coefficients at the squared variable.

Intransitive Mechanics and Payoff Matrices

Game Balance ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 603-638
Author(s):  
Ian Schreiber ◽  
Brenda Romero
Keyword(s):  
Payoff Matrices

Pfaffians of Toeplitz payoff matrices

2019 ◽  
Vol 577 ◽  
pp. 114-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Evans ◽  
Nolan Wallach
Keyword(s):  
Payoff Matrices

Response Bias in Deaf and Hearing Subjects as a Function of Motivational Factors

1979 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 779-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bross
Keyword(s):  
Response Bias ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Brightness Discrimination ◽  
Motivational Factors ◽  
Response Criterion ◽  
Stimulus Probability ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
Brightness Discrimination Task ◽  
Payoff Matrices ◽  
Visual Brightness

This experiment assessed the effect of different payoff matrices on 6 deaf and 6 hearing subjects on a visual brightness discrimination task. Subjects were required to make forced-choice responses to three different monetary payoff conditions, designed to induce a liberal, a conservative, and an equal-bias response criterion, respectively. The results showed that the deaf did not select the superior response strategies they had exhibited in a previous study (Bross, 1979) on the effect of changes in stimulus probability. Furthermore, the deaf earned significantly less money than the controls for all three conditions, indicating that the introduction of motivational demands affects their response strategies adversely.

scholarly journals Helping in humans and other animals: a fruitful interdisciplinary dialogue

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1863) ◽  
pp. 20170929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Redouan Bshary ◽  
Nichola J. Raihani
Keyword(s):  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Inclusive Fitness ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Pairwise Interactions ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Artificial Boundaries ◽  
Payoff Matrices ◽  
Human Social Behaviour

Humans are arguably unique in the extent and scale of cooperation with unrelated individuals. While pairwise interactions among non-relatives occur in some non-human species, there is scant evidence of the large-scale, often unconditional prosociality that characterizes human social behaviour. Consequently, one may ask whether research on cooperation in humans can offer general insights to researchers working on similar questions in non-human species, and whether research on humans should be published in biology journals. We contend that the answer to both of these questions is yes. Most importantly, social behaviour in humans and other species operates under the same evolutionary framework. Moreover, we highlight how an open dialogue between different fields can inspire studies on humans and non-human species, leading to novel approaches and insights. Biology journals should encourage these discussions rather than drawing artificial boundaries between disciplines. Shared current and future challenges are to study helping in ecologically relevant contexts in order to correctly interpret how payoff matrices translate into inclusive fitness, and to integrate mechanisms into the hitherto largely functional theory. We can and should study human cooperation within a comparative framework in order to gain a full understanding of the evolution of helping.

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