Evaluating Indirect Branch Handling Mechanisms in Software Dynamic Translation Systems

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason D. Hiser ◽  
Daniel Williams ◽  
Wei Hu ◽  
Jack W. Davidson ◽  
Jason Mars ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Translation ◽  
Indirect Branch ◽  
Translation Systems

scholarly journals Evaluating indirect branch handling mechanisms in software dynamic translation systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason D. Hiser ◽  
Daniel W. Williams ◽  
Wei Hu ◽  
Jack W. Davidson ◽  
Jason Mars ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Translation ◽  
Indirect Branch ◽  
Translation Systems

Evaluation of 2-way Iraqi Arabic–English speech translation systems using automated metrics

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 159-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherri Condon ◽  
Mark Arehart ◽  
Dan Parvaz ◽  
Gregory Sanders ◽  
Christy Doran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Translation ◽  
Translation Systems

scholarly journals Context effects and inefficient initiation at non-AUG codons in eucaryotic cell-free translation systems.

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 5073-5080 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kozak
Keyword(s):  
Context Effects ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Late Event ◽  
Free Translation ◽  
Initiator Codon ◽  
Translation Systems ◽  
Short Versions

The context requirements for recognition of an initiator codon were evaluated in vitro by monitoring the relative use of two AUG codons that were strategically positioned to produce long (pre-chloramphenicol acetyl transferase [CAT]) and short versions of CAT protein. The yield of pre-CAT initiated from the 5'-proximal AUG codon increased, and synthesis of CAT from the second AUG codon decreased, as sequences flanking the first AUG codon increasingly resembled the eucaryotic consensus sequence. Thus, under prescribed conditions, the fidelity of initiation in extracts from animal as well as plant cells closely mimics what has been observed in vivo. Unexpectedly, recognition of an AUG codon in a suboptimal context was higher when the adjacent downstream sequence was capable of assuming a hairpin structure than when the downstream region was unstructured. This finding adds a new, positive dimension to regulation by mRNA secondary structure, which has been recognized previously as a negative regulator of initiation. Translation of pre-CAT from an AUG codon in a weak context was not preferentially inhibited under conditions of mRNA competition. That result is consistent with the scanning model, which predicts that recognition of the AUG codon is a late event that occurs after the competition-sensitive binding of a 40S ribosome-factor complex to the 5' end of mRNA. Initiation at non-AUG codons was evaluated in vitro and in vivo by introducing appropriate mutations in the CAT and preproinsulin genes. GUG was the most efficient of the six alternative initiator codons tested, but GUG in the optimal context for initiation functioned only 3 to 5% as efficiently as AUG. Initiation at non-AUG codons was artifactually enhanced in vitro at supraoptimal concentrations of magnesium.

A first-pass approach for evaluating machine translation systems

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela W. Jordan ◽  
Bonnie J. Dorr ◽  
John W. Benoit
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
First Pass ◽  
Translation Systems

Cross-lingual Text Reuse Detection Using Translation Plus Monolingual Analysis for English-Urdu Language Pair

2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Iqra Muneer ◽  
Rao Muhammad Adeel Nawab
Keyword(s):  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Longest Common Subsequence ◽  
Common Subsequence ◽  
Classification Tasks ◽  
N Gram ◽  
Cross Lingual ◽  
Recurrent Architecture ◽  
Translation Systems ◽  
Language Pair

Cross-Lingual Text Reuse Detection (CLTRD) has recently attracted the attention of the research community due to a large amount of digital text readily available for reuse in multiple languages through online digital repositories. In addition, efficient machine translation systems are freely and readily available to translate text from one language into another, which makes it quite easy to reuse text across languages, and consequently difficult to detect it. In the literature, the most prominent and widely used approach for CLTRD is Translation plus Monolingual Analysis (T+MA). To detect CLTR for English-Urdu language pair, T+MA has been used with lexical approaches, namely, N-gram Overlap, Longest Common Subsequence, and Greedy String Tiling. This clearly shows that T+MA has not been thoroughly explored for the English-Urdu language pair. To fulfill this gap, this study presents an in-depth and detailed comparison of 26 approaches that are based on T+MA. These approaches include semantic similarity approaches (semantic tagger based approaches, WordNet-based approaches), probabilistic approach (Kullback-Leibler distance approach), monolingual word embedding-based approaches siamese recurrent architecture, and monolingual sentence transformer-based approaches for English-Urdu language pair. The evaluation was carried out using the CLEU benchmark corpus, both for the binary and the ternary classification tasks. Our extensive experimentation shows that our proposed approach that is a combination of 26 approaches obtained an F 1 score of 0.77 and 0.61 for the binary and ternary classification tasks, respectively, and outperformed the previously reported approaches [ 41 ] ( F 1 = 0.73) for the binary and ( F 1 = 0.55) for the ternary classification tasks) on the CLEU corpus.

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