Managing the Quality of Modular Services -- A Process-Oriented Aggregation of Expected Service Levels Based on Probability Distributions

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens van Dinther ◽  
Rico Knapper ◽  
Benjamin Blau ◽  
Tobias Conte ◽  
Arun Anandasivam
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Service Levels ◽  
Process Oriented ◽  
Oriented Aggregation

scholarly journals Complete resource pooling of a load-balancing policy for a network of battery swapping stations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Sloothaak ◽  
James Cruise ◽  
Seva Shneer ◽  
Maria Vlasiou ◽  
Bert Zwart
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Queueing Network ◽  
Service Levels ◽  
Resource Pooling ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Single Station ◽  
Optimal Resource ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Reduce Carbon Emission

AbstractTo reduce carbon emission in the transportation sector, there is currently a steady move taking place to an electrified transportation system. This brings about various issues for which a promising solution involves the construction and operation of a battery swapping infrastructure rather than in-vehicle charging of batteries. In this paper, we study a closed Markovian queueing network that allows for spare batteries under a dynamic arrival policy. We propose a provisioning rule for the capacity levels and show that these lead to near-optimal resource utilization, while guaranteeing good quality-of-service levels for electric vehicle users. Key in the derivations is to prove a state-space collapse result, which in turn implies that performance levels are as good as if there would have been a single station with an aggregated number of resources, thus achieving complete resource pooling.

The structure and application of an automated system for monitoring passenger traffic

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Anikeev
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Service Levels ◽  
Passenger Traffic ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Transport Control

Various methods of collecting data on passenger traffic, their advantages and disadvantages are considered. It is shown that in order to improve the quality of transport services, it is necessary to regularly collect and refine data on passenger traffic. The goals and methods of obtaining information about passenger traffic in the system of municipal passenger transport are indicated. All currently existing methods are divided into three categories: data collection using technical means, data collection with the help of censors and volunteers, and interpretation of fare payments. All the methods presented in the article were compared in terms of labor intensity, costs and accuracy of the results obtained. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are considered. The general structure of an automated system for collecting data on passenger traffic is presented. The necessity of creating a centralized system for collecting and processing data associated with all passenger transport control systems has been substantiated. The tasks solved by this system at all levels of transport services for passengers are shown. Each of the tasks is assigned to one of three service levels: pre-transport, transport and post-transport. It is shown that only solving problems at all levels can ensure high-quality operation of the municipal passenger transport system.

Process-Oriented Tolerance Synthesis for Multistage Manufacturing Systems

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Ding ◽  
Jionghua Jin ◽  
Dariusz Ceglarek ◽  
Jianjun Shi
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Industrial Case Study ◽  
Multistage Manufacturing ◽  
Process Oriented ◽  
Design Characteristics

Abstract In multistage manufacturing systems, quality of final products is strongly affected not only by product design characteristics but also by key process design characteristics. However, historically, tolerance research has primarily focused on allocating tolerances based on product design characteristics for each component. Currently, there is no analytical approach for multistage manufacturing processes to optimally allocate tolerances to integrate product and process characteristics at minimum cost. One of the major obstacles is that the relationship between tolerances of process and product characteristics is not well understood and modeled. Under this motivation, this paper aims at presenting a framework addressing the process-oriented (rather than product-oriented) tolerancing technique for multistage manufacturing processes. Based on a developed state space model, tolerances of process design characteristics at each fabrication stage are related to the quality of final product. All key elements in the framework are described and then derived for a multistage assembly process. An industrial case study is used to illustrate the proposed approach.

Pacific Salmon Environmental and Life History Models: Advancing Science for Sustainable Salmon in the Future

2009 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Model Uncertainty ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Recovery Planning ◽  
Habitat Recovery ◽  
Alternative Scenarios ◽  
The One

<em>Abstract.</em>—Natural resource management requires difficult decisions, broad societal costs, and sacrifices from private landowners and public agencies. With so many financial, ecological and cultural resources at stake, policy-makers, managers, and citizens need scientific predictions that can help resolve conflicts and balance the often competing needs of ecosystems and communities. Modeled information is essential for meeting this need. The words “model uncertainty” are often misinterpreted as describing a lack of knowledge about model output. In fact, they describe knowledge, not only of the one most likely modeled estimate, but also of all the other possible estimates that the model might have provided, and their likelihood. We present six case studies, from salmon habitat recovery planning, illustrating how scientists can provide more useful products by describing distributions of possible outcomes as formal probability distributions, as confidence intervals, or as descriptions of alternative scenarios. In terms of management effectiveness, the communication and use of model uncertainty can be at least as important as the quality of the original model.

A Relative Fractal Dimension Spectrum for a Perceptual Complexity Measure

2011 ◽  
pp. 381-395
Author(s):  
W. Kinsner ◽  
R. Dansereau
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Mean Opinion Score ◽  
Perceptual Quality ◽  
Dimension Spectrum ◽  
Opinion Score ◽  
Single Scale ◽  
Scale Measure

This article presents a derivation of a new relative fractal dimension spectrum, DRq, to measure the dis-similarity between two finite probability distributions originating from various signals. This measure is an extension of the Kullback-Leibler (KL) distance and the Rényi fractal dimension spectrum, Dq. Like the KL distance, DRq determines the dissimilarity between two probability distibutions X and Y of the same size, but does it at different scales, while the scalar KL distance is a single-scale measure. Like the Rényi fractal dimension spectrum, the DRq is also a bounded vectorial measure obtained at different scales and for different moment orders, q. However, unlike the Dq, all the elements of the new DRq become zero when X and Y are the same. Experimental results show that this objective measure is consistent with the subjective mean-opinion-score (MOS) when evaluating the perceptual quality of images reconstructed after their compression. Thus, it could also be used in other areas of cognitive informatics.

scholarly journals Modernization and Optimization of Phosphoric Cast Iron Casting

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1060
Author(s):  
Piotr Kurylo
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Main Direction ◽  
Iron Production ◽  
Iron Casting ◽  
Process Oriented ◽  
Organizational Problems

The article presents a detailed analysis of technical and organizational problems of modernization of a phosphoric cast iron casting process. The paper indicates the need to optimize the process of phosphoric cast iron casting, and the analysis carried out in the article about the possibility of optimization of the casting process allowed us to determine the main direction of modernization of the process, oriented on a significant increase in the quality of the cast iron, as well as in the direction of a significant increase in the efficiency of the cast iron production process.

scholarly journals Student discourse networks and instructor facilitation in process oriented guided inquiry physical chemistry classes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilhara Liyanage ◽  
Stanley M. Lo ◽  
Sally S. Hunnicutt
Keyword(s):  
Physical Chemistry ◽  
Graph Theory ◽  
Student Engagement ◽  
Inquiry Learning ◽  
Cognitive Engagement ◽  
Guided Inquiry ◽  
Student Interactions ◽  
Process Oriented ◽  
Student Discussion

A novel methodology has been developed to capture student interactions and engagement modes by mapping their discourse in Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL) physical chemistry courses using graph theory and a modified ICAP (Interactive, Constructive, Active, Passive) framework. This work provides a deeply contextualized description of student teamwork in a POGIL setting with triangulation of data from talk-turn tracking and coding of student engagement. Graphs of student discussions in teams were constructed for 17 students in five teams in two courses taught by different instructors. Combined with the modified ICAP framework, our data illustrate the amount, extent, and quality of discussion along with students’ cognitive engagement. Specific facilitation strategies used by instructors appear to correlate with improved student discussion and interactivity. Such strategies include providing responsive versus prepared lectures and requiring students to publicly share their thinking.

Bayesian Reliability Sampling Plans under the Conditions of Rayleigh-Inverse-Rayleigh Distribution

2014 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kalaiselvi ◽  
A. Loganathan ◽  
R. Vijayaraghavan
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Rayleigh Distribution ◽  
Predictive Distribution ◽  
Life Testing ◽  
Sampling Plans ◽  
Sampling Inspection ◽  
Single Sampling Plan ◽  
Reliability Sampling Plans ◽  
Quality Of Products

AbstractReliability sampling plans are used to take decisions on the disposition of lots based on life testing of products. Such plans are developed taking into the consideration of relevant probability distributions of the lifetimes of the products under testing. When the quality of products varies over lots, then a predictive distribution of the lifetime should be used to design sampling plans. In this paper, designing of reliability single sampling plan based on the predictive distribution of the lifetime is considered. It is assumed that sampling inspection is carried out through life testing of products with hybrid censoring. The predictive distribution is obtained assuming that the probability distribution of the lifetime of the product is Rayleigh and the process parameter has an inverse-Rayleigh prior. Plan parameters are determined using hypergeometric, binomial and Poisson probabilities, providing protection to both producer as well as consumer.

scholarly journals Many hepatitis C reinfections that spontaneously clear may be undetected: Markov-chain Monte Carlo analysis of observational study data

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (104) ◽  
pp. 20141197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Sacks-Davis ◽  
Emma McBryde ◽  
Jason Grebely ◽  
Margaret Hellard ◽  
Peter Vickerman
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Bayesian Model ◽  
Prior Probability ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Monte Carlo Analysis ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Spontaneous Clearance ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Reinfection Rate

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) reinfection rates are probably underestimated due to reinfection episodes occurring between study visits. A Markov model of HCV reinfection and spontaneous clearance was fitted to empirical data. Bayesian post-estimation was used to project reinfection rates, reinfection spontaneous clearance probability and duration of reinfection. Uniform prior probability distributions were assumed for reinfection rate (more than 0), spontaneous clearance probability (0–1) and duration (0.25–6.00 months). Model estimates were 104 per 100 person-years (95% CrI: 21–344), 0.84 (95% CrI: 0.59–0.98) and 1.3 months (95% CrI: 0.3–4.1) for reinfection rate, spontaneous clearance probability and duration, respectively. Simulation studies were used to assess model validity, demonstrating that the Bayesian model estimates provided useful information about the possible sources and magnitude of bias in epidemiological estimates of reinfection rates, probability of reinfection clearance and duration or reinfection. The quality of the Bayesian estimates improved for larger samples and shorter test intervals. Uncertainty in model estimates notwithstanding, findings suggest that HCV reinfections frequently and quickly result in spontaneous clearance, with many reinfection events going unobserved.

Resource Scheduling Method Based on the Tenants' Requirements of QoS

2012 ◽  
Vol 546-547 ◽  
pp. 1158-1163
Author(s):  
Ting Wei Chen ◽  
Ji Hong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Resource Scheduling ◽  
Software As A Service ◽  
Shared Resources ◽  
Service Levels ◽  
Scheduling Strategy ◽  
Scheduling Method

Multi-tenancy technology in SaaS (Software as a Service), the basis of the shared resources on how to meet quality of service requirements of different tenants, is a major problem faced by the resource scheduling. Solve the problem, proposed a resource scheduling method based on the tenants' requirements of QoS: resources classified by types of resources QoS value of the keywords the two indexes to the formation of the three resource pool structure, in order to improve the speed of resource scheduling; division of tenants rating to determine the order of execution of the request, types of resources required, the division of tenants request for the sub-request, according to the sub-requested quality of service levels ,respectively, using different resource scheduling strategy, the isolation of different quality of service requirements of tenants. The experiments show that the method can achieve the tenants' quality of service requirements, and has a higher efficiency.

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