Bayesian Congestion Game with Traffic Manager: Binary Signal Case

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hassan Lotfi ◽  
Richard J. La ◽  
Nuno C. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Congestion Game ◽  
Traffic Manager ◽  
Binary Signal

ASSESSMENT OF THE SIGNAL/NOISE RATIO IN A BINARY SIGNAL

2012 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 445-453
Author(s):  
M. D. Rasnikov ◽  
I. T. Rozhkov
Keyword(s):  
Signal Noise ◽  
Binary Signal ◽  
Noise Ratio

An internally-controlled memristor-based amplitude shift keying modulator

Circuit World ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiemeka Loveth Maxwell ◽  
Dongsheng Yu ◽  
Yang Leng
Keyword(s):  
Control Signal ◽  
Current Conveyors ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Amplitude Shift Keying ◽  
Additional Control ◽  
Binary Signal ◽  
Shift Keying ◽  
Control Circuits ◽  
Memristor Emulator

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to design and construct an amplitude shift keying (ASK) modulator, which, using the digital binary modulating signal, controls a floating memristor emulator (MR) internally without the need for additional control circuits to achieve the ASK modulated wave. Design/methodology/approach A binary digital unipolar signal to be modulated is converted by a pre-processor circuit into a suitable bipolar modulating direct current (DC) signal for the control of the MR state, using current conveyors the carrier signal’s amplitude is varied with the change in the memristance of the floating MR. A high pass filter is then used to remove the DC control signal (modulating signal) leaving only the modulated carrier signal. Findings The results from the experiment and simulation are in agreement showed that the MR can be switched between two states and that a change in the carrier signals amplitude can be achieved by using an MR. Thus, showing that the circuit behavior is in line with the proposed theory and validating the said theory. Originality/value In this paper, the binary signal to be modulated is modified into a suitable control signal for the MR, thus the MR relies on the internal operation of the modulator circuit for the control of its memristance. An ASK modulation can then be achieved using a floating memristor without the need for additional circuits or signals to control its memristance.

scholarly journals Transmitter Concentration at a Three-Dimensional Synapse

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 3163-3172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rukmini Rao-Mirotznik ◽  
Gershon Buchsbaum ◽  
Peter Sterling
Keyword(s):  
Ampa Receptors ◽  
Horizontal Cell ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Postsynaptic Membrane ◽  
Alternative Mechanism ◽  
Binding Affinities ◽  
Glutamate Concentration ◽  
Response Range ◽  
Binary Signal ◽  
Single Vesicle

Rao-Mirotznik, Rukmini, Gershon Buchsbaum, and Peter Sterling. Transmitter concentration at a three-dimensional synapse. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 3163–3172, 1998. At intensities from starlight to 1000-fold brighter, the mammalian rod synapse transmits a binary signal, the capture of 0 or 1 photon. Zero is signified by tonic exocytosis, and 1 is signified by a brief pause. The synapse is three dimensional: vesicles discharge at the apex of a deep cleft created by the invagination of four postsynaptic processes. Two horizontal cell spines bearing α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors reach near to the release sites (16 nm), and two bipolar dendrites bearing mGluR6 receptors end far from the release sites (up to 640 nm). We considered two hypotheses for signal transfer: transmitter quanta might be integrated in the cleft and sensed as a steady concentration (high for 0 and low for 1); or quanta might be sensed at the postsynaptic membrane as discrete postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) and integrated within the dendrite. We calculate from a passive diffusion model that the invagination empties rapidly (τ ∼ 1.7 ms). Further calculations suggest that a glutamate concentration high enough to hold a bipolar cell in darkness at one end of its response range would require ∼4,000 vesicles/s. On the other hand, the glutamate pulse from a single vesicle would reach both nearby AMPA receptors (low affinity) and distant mGluR6 receptors (high affinity) at spatiotemporal concentrations matched to their apparent binding affinities. Thus one vesicle could evoke a discrete PSP in all four postsynaptic processes. We calculate from a stochastic model that PSPs could transfer the binary signal at ∼100 vesicles/s. Thus dendritic integration of unitary PSPs is both plausible and 40-fold more efficient than the alternative mechanism. The rod's deep invagination, rather than serving to pool transmitter, may serve to prevent “spillover” of transmitter to neighboring rods. Spillover, by pooling the noise from neighboring rods, would impair transmission of their binary signals.

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