Planning the coordination of multiple processes

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Roach ◽  
P. Montague
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Processes

Dual-Function, Light Switchable Cobalt Catalysis via Active Site Metamorphosis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Bergamaschi ◽  
Frédéric Beltran ◽  
Christopher Teskey
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Catalytic Site ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Hydride Complex ◽  
Dual Functional ◽  
Multiple Processes ◽  
Olefin Migration

<p></p><p></p><p>Switchable catalysis offers opportunities to control the rate or selectivity of a reaction <i>via</i> a stimulus such as pH or light. However, few examples of switchable catalytic systems that can facilitate multiple processes exist. Here we report a rare example of such dual-functional, switchable catalysis. Featuring an easily prepared, bench-stable cobalt(I) hydride complex in conjunction with pinacolborane, we can completely alter the reaction outcome between two widely employed transformations – olefin migration and hydroboration – with visible light as the sole trigger. This dichotomy arises from ligand photodissociation which leads to metamorphosis of the active catalytic site, resulting in divergent mechanistic pathways.</p><p></p><p></p>

The Predominant microRNAs in β-cell Clusters for Insulin Regulation and Diabetic Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 722-734
Author(s):  
Adele Soltani ◽  
Arefeh Jafarian ◽  
Abdolamir Allameh
Keyword(s):  
Mirna Expression ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
In Vitro Proliferation ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Mirna Expression Profiles ◽  
Multiple Processes ◽  
The Impact

micro (mi)-RNAs are vital regulators of multiple processes including insulin signaling pathways and glucose metabolism. Pancreatic &#946;-cells function is dependent on some miRNAs and their target mRNA, which together form a complex regulative network. Several miRNAs are known to be directly involved in &#946;-cells functions such as insulin expression and secretion. These small RNAs may also play significant roles in the fate of &#946;-cells such as proliferation, differentiation, survival and apoptosis. Among the miRNAs, miR-7, miR-9, miR-375, miR-130 and miR-124 are of particular interest due to being highly expressed in these cells. Under diabetic conditions, although no specific miRNA profile has been noticed, the expression of some miRNAs and their target mRNAs are altered by posttranscriptional mechanisms, exerting diverse signs in the pathobiology of various diabetic complications. The aim of this review article is to discuss miRNAs involved in the process of stem cells differentiation into &#946;-cells, resulting in enhanced &#946;-cell functions with respect to diabetic disorders. This paper will also look into the impact of miRNA expression patterns on in vitro proliferation and differentiation of &#946;-cells. The efficacy of the computational genomics and biochemical analysis to link the changes in miRNA expression profiles of stem cell-derived &#946;-cells to therapeutically relevant outputs will be discussed as well.

scholarly journals Stochastic Modeling of Hydroclimatic Processes Using Vine Copulas

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2156
Author(s):  
George Pouliasis ◽  
Gina Alexandra Torres-Alves ◽  
Oswaldo Morales-Napoles
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Stochastic Modeling ◽  
Copula Models ◽  
Multiple Processes ◽  
Spatial Dependencies ◽  
Probabilistic Dependence ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Vine Copula ◽  
Synthetic Time Series ◽  
Hydroclimatic Variables

The generation of synthetic time series is important in contemporary water sciences for their wide applicability and ability to model environmental uncertainty. Hydroclimatic variables often exhibit highly skewed distributions, intermittency (that is, alternating dry and wet intervals), and spatial and temporal dependencies that pose a particular challenge to their study. Vine copula models offer an appealing approach to generate synthetic time series because of their ability to preserve any marginal distribution while modeling a variety of probabilistic dependence structures. In this work, we focus on the stochastic modeling of hydroclimatic processes using vine copula models. We provide an approach to model intermittency by coupling Markov chains with vine copula models. Our approach preserves first-order auto- and cross-dependencies (correlation). Moreover, we present a novel framework that is able to model multiple processes simultaneously. This method is based on the coupling of temporal and spatial dependence models through repetitive sampling. The result is a parsimonious and flexible method that can adequately account for temporal and spatial dependencies. Our method is illustrated within the context of a recent reliability assessment of a historical hydraulic structure in central Mexico. Our results show that by ignoring important characteristics of probabilistic dependence that are well captured by our approach, the reliability of the structure could be severely underestimated.

scholarly journals Metastasis is altered through multiple processes regulated by the E2F1 transcription factor

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Swiatnicki ◽  
Eran R. Andrechek
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Transgenic Mouse Models ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Mouse Tumors ◽  
Mutation Burden ◽  
Multiple Processes ◽  
Metastatic Process ◽  
Cycle Regulation ◽  
Bioinformatic Approach ◽  
Complicated Nature

AbstractThe E2F family of transcription factors is important for many cellular processes, from their canonical role in cell cycle regulation to other roles in angiogenesis and metastasis. Alteration of the Rb/E2F pathway occurs in various forms of cancer, including breast cancer. E2F1 ablation has been shown to decrease metastasis in MMTV-Neu and MMTV-PyMT transgenic mouse models of breast cancer. Here we take a bioinformatic approach to determine the E2F1 regulated genomic alterations involved in the metastatic cascade, in both Neu and PyMT models. Through gene expression analysis, we reveal few transcriptome changes in non-metastatic E2F1−/− tumors relative to transgenic tumor controls. However investigation of these models through whole genome sequencing found numerous differences between the models, including differences in the proposed tumor etiology between E2F1−/− and E2F1+/+ tumors induced by Neu or PyMT. For example, loss of E2F1 within the Neu model led to an increased contribution of the inefficient double stranded break repair signature to the proposed etiology of the tumors. While the SNV mutation burden was higher in PyMT mouse tumors than Neu mouse tumors, there was no statistically significant differences between E2F WT and E2F1 KO mice. Investigating mutated genes through gene set analysis also found a significant number of genes mutated in the cell adhesion pathway in E2F1−/− tumors, indicating this may be a route for disruption of metastasis in E2F1−/− tumors. Overall, these findings illustrate the complicated nature of uncovering drivers of the metastatic process.

Patterns of Brain Activity Supporting Autobiographical Memory, Prospection, and Theory of Mind, and Their Relationship to the Default Mode Network

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1112-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Nathan Spreng ◽  
Cheryl L. Grady
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Cognitive Behaviors ◽  
Core Set ◽  
Multiple Processes ◽  
Human Feature

The ability to rise above the present environment and reflect upon the past, the future, and the minds of others is a fundamentally defining human feature. It has been proposed that these three self-referential processes involve a highly interconnected core set of brain structures known as the default mode network (DMN). The DMN appears to be active when individuals are engaged in stimulus-independent thought. This network is a likely candidate for supporting multiple processes, but this idea has not been tested directly. We used fMRI to examine brain activity during autobiographical remembering, prospection, and theory-of-mind reasoning. Using multivariate analyses, we found a common pattern of neural activation underlying all three processes in the DMN. In addition, autobiographical remembering and prospection engaged midline DMN structures to a greater degree and theory-of-mind reasoning engaged lateral DMN areas. A functional connectivity analysis revealed that activity of a critical node in the DMN, medial prefrontal cortex, was correlated with activity in other regions in the DMN during all three tasks. We conclude that the DMN supports common aspects of these cognitive behaviors involved in simulating an internalized experience.

Parallel-Process (Simultaneous) Machining and its Stability

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Burak Ozdoganlar ◽  
William J. Endres
Keyword(s):  
Initial Conditions ◽  
General System ◽  
Parallel Process ◽  
Analytical Stability ◽  
Multiple Processes ◽  
Or Practice ◽  
Machining System ◽  
Eigenvector Analysis ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Machining Operations

Abstract This paper presents a mathematical perspective, to complement the intuitive or practice-oriented perspective, to classifying machining operations as parallel-process (simultaneous) or single-process in nature. Illustrative scenarios are provided to demonstrate how these two perspectives may lead in different situations to the same or different conclusions regarding process parallelism. A model representation of a general parallel-process machining system is presented, based on which the general parallel-process stability eigenvalue problem is formulated. For a special simplified case of the general system, analytical methods are employed to derive a fully analytical stability solution. Thorough study of this solution through eigenvector analysis sheds light on some fundamental phenomena of parallel-process machining stability, such as dependence of the stability solution on phasing of the initial conditions (disturbances). This establishes the importance, when employing numerical time-domain simulation for such analyses, of specifying initial conditions for the multiple processes to be arbitrarily phased so that correct results are achieved across all spindle speeds.

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