A Collision-Free Contention Protocol Based on Pulse/Tone Signals

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos F. Caetano ◽  
Jacir L. Bordim ◽  
Luca Bedogni ◽  
Luciano Bononi
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Tone

scholarly journals Songbirds use pulse tone register in two voices to generate low-frequency sound

2007 ◽  
Vol 274 (1626) ◽  
pp. 2703-2710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth K Jensen ◽  
Brenton G Cooper ◽  
Ole N Larsen ◽  
Franz Goller
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Pulse Generation ◽  
Sound Sources ◽  
Pulse Tone ◽  
Vocal Fold Dynamics ◽  
Vibration Pattern ◽  
Pulse Characteristics ◽  
Two Sides

The principal physical mechanism of sound generation is similar in songbirds and humans, despite large differences in their vocal organs. Whereas vocal fold dynamics in the human larynx are well characterized, the vibratory behaviour of the sound-generating labia in the songbird vocal organ, the syrinx, is unknown. We present the first high-speed video records of the intact syrinx during induced phonation. The syrinx of anaesthetized crows shows a vibration pattern of the labia similar to that of the human vocal fry register. Acoustic pulses result from short opening of the labia, and pulse generation alternates between the left and right sound sources. Spontaneously calling crows can also generate similar pulse characteristics with only one sound generator. Airflow recordings in zebra finches and starlings show that pulse tone sounds can be generated unilaterally, synchronously or by alternating between the two sides. Vocal fry-like dynamics therefore represent a common production mechanism for low-frequency sounds in songbirds. These results also illustrate that complex vibration patterns can emerge from the mechanical properties of the coupled sound generators in the syrinx. The use of vocal fry-like dynamics in the songbird syrinx extends the similarity to this unusual vocal register with mammalian sound production mechanisms.

An Opportunistic Directional MAC Protocol with Pulse/Tone Exchange in Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 1187-1205
Author(s):  
Tetsuro Okazawa ◽  
Jing Ma ◽  
Nobuyoshi Komuro ◽  
Youngjune Choi ◽  
Zhetao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Wireless Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Pulse Tone ◽  
Directional Mac ◽  
Hoc Networks

Localization Aftereffects with Pulse‐Tone and Pulse‐Pulse Stimuli

1965 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 837-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Thurlow ◽  
Anita E. Marten ◽  
Bhalchandra J. Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Tone
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