Binary search for time-constant estimation in first order systems, FiO2 - SpO2 case study

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Sadeghi Fathabadi ◽  
Timothy J. Gale ◽  
Jan C. Olivier ◽  
Peter A. Dargaville ◽  
Kevin I. Wheeler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Constant ◽  
Binary Search ◽  
First Order

Dual systems for all: Higher-order, role-based relational reasoning as a uniquely derived feature of human cognition

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Povinelli ◽  
Gabrielle C. Glorioso ◽  
Shannon L. Kuznar ◽  
Mateja Pavlic
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Reasoning ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Important Case ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Relational Reasoning ◽  
Dual Systems ◽  
First Order ◽  
Reasoning System ◽  
Role Based

Abstract Hoerl and McCormack demonstrate that although animals possess a sophisticated temporal updating system, there is no evidence that they also possess a temporal reasoning system. This important case study is directly related to the broader claim that although animals are manifestly capable of first-order (perceptually-based) relational reasoning, they lack the capacity for higher-order, role-based relational reasoning. We argue this distinction applies to all domains of cognition.

scholarly journals Nucleation is more than critical: A case study of the electroweak phase transition in the NMSSM

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Baum ◽  
Marcela Carena ◽  
Nausheen R. Shah ◽  
Carlos E. M. Wagner ◽  
Yikun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Parameter Space ◽  
Local Minima ◽  
Critical Temperatures ◽  
Electroweak Phase Transition ◽  
First Order ◽  
Vacuum Structure ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Scalar Sector

Abstract Electroweak baryogenesis is an attractive mechanism to generate the baryon asymmetry of the Universe via a strong first order electroweak phase transition. We compare the phase transition patterns suggested by the vacuum structure at the critical temperatures, at which local minima are degenerate, with those obtained from computing the probability for nucleation via tunneling through the barrier separating local minima. Heuristically, nucleation becomes difficult if the barrier between the local minima is too high, or if the distance (in field space) between the minima is too large. As an example of a model exhibiting such behavior, we study the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model, whose scalar sector contains two SU(2) doublets and one gauge singlet. We find that the calculation of the nucleation probabilities prefers different regions of parameter space for a strong first order electroweak phase transition than the calculation based solely on the critical temperatures. Our results demonstrate that analyzing only the vacuum structure via the critical temperatures can provide a misleading picture of the phase transition patterns, and, in turn, of the parameter space suitable for electroweak baryogenesis.

scholarly journals Macroscopic and Multi-Scale Models for Multi-Class Vehicular Dynamics with Uneven Space Occupancy: A Case Study

Axioms ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Maya Briani ◽  
Emiliano Cristiani ◽  
Paolo Ranut
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
First Order ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Stop And Go ◽  
Scale Models ◽  
Road Space

In this paper, we propose two models describing the dynamics of heavy and light vehicles on a road network, taking into account the interactions between the two classes. The models are tailored for two-lane highways where heavy vehicles cannot overtake. This means that heavy vehicles cannot saturate the whole road space, while light vehicles can. In these conditions, the creeping phenomenon can appear, i.e., one class of vehicles can proceed even if the other class has reached the maximal density. The first model we propose couples two first-order macroscopic LWR models, while the second model couples a second-order microscopic follow-the-leader model with a first-order macroscopic LWR model. Numerical results show that both models are able to catch some second-order (inertial) phenomena such as stop and go waves. Models are calibrated by means of real data measured by fixed sensors placed along the A4 Italian highway Trieste–Venice and its branches, provided by Autovie Venete S.p.A.

Microstructure Sensitive Design with First Order Homogenization Theories and Finite Element Codes

2005 ◽  
Vol 495-497 ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surya R. Kalidindi ◽  
J. Houskamp ◽  
G. Proust ◽  
H. Duvvuru
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Inverse Problems ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Materials Design ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
First Order

A mathematical framework called Microstructure Sensitive Design (MSD) has been developed recently to solve inverse problems of materials design, where the goal is to identify the class of microstructures that are predicted to satisfy a set of designer specified objectives and constraints [1]. This paper demonstrates the application of the MSD framework to a specific case study involving mechanical design. Processing solutions to obtain one of the elements of the desired class of textures are also explored within the same framework.

scholarly journals Manifold Calculus in System Theory and Control—Fundamentals and First-Order Systems

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2092
Author(s):  
Simone Fiori
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Linear Systems ◽  
Linear Control Systems ◽  
First Order ◽  
Curved Manifolds ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Covariant Derivation ◽  
Non Linear Systems ◽  
And Control

The aim of the present tutorial paper is to recall notions from manifold calculus and to illustrate how these tools prove useful in describing system-theoretic properties. Special emphasis is put on embedded manifold calculus (which is coordinate-free and relies on the embedding of a manifold into a larger ambient space). In addition, we also consider the control of non-linear systems whose states belong to curved manifolds. As a case study, synchronization of non-linear systems by feedback control on smooth manifolds (including Lie groups) is surveyed. Special emphasis is also put on numerical methods to simulate non-linear control systems on curved manifolds. The present tutorial is meant to cover a portion of the mentioned topics, such as first-order systems, but it does not cover topics such as covariant derivation and second-order dynamical systems, which will be covered in a subsequent tutorial paper.

scholarly journals Remote-Tuning – Case Study of PI Controller for the First-Order-Plus-Dead-Time Systems

10.5772/19258 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Brandao ◽  
Nunzio Torrisi ◽  
Renato F. Fernandes Jr
Keyword(s):  
Dead Time ◽  
Pi Controller ◽  
First Order ◽  
Time Systems

Breath-by-breath VCO2 and VO2 required compensation for transport delay and dynamic response

1982 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Noguchi ◽  
Y. Ogushi ◽  
I. Yoshiya ◽  
N. Itakura ◽  
H. Yamabayashi
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Time Constant ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Transport Delay ◽  
First Order ◽  
On Line

Both transport delay (DELAY) and dynamic response (RESPONSE) of a mass spectrometer would theoretically result in considerable errors in the breath-by-breath calculation of VCO2 and VO2. However, curiously, the contribution of RESPONSE has been ignored. The purpose of this study is to quantify the error caused by RESPONSE. We found that RESPONSE of a mass spectrometer was regarded as a first-order response. We determined DELAY and time constant (T) of RESPONSE and compensated the on-line calculation for both DELAY and RESPONSE and for DELAY only. With T of 150 and 100 ms, deviations of VCO2 from the gas-collection method were 8 +/- 6 and 8 +/- 6 ml/min with compensation for both DELAY and RESPONSE, and 69 +/- 10 and 50 +/- 5 ml/min with compensation for DELAY only, respectively (mean +/- SD). Similar results were obtained with VO2. A computer simulation of error caused by RESPONSE disclosed that the error linearly increased with increasing T. We conclude that to be accurate within +/- 5% of the exact value, compensation should be made when T exceeds 25 ms.

First order models to estimate methane generation in landfill: A case study in south Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 104053
Author(s):  
Nicole Fernandes da Silva ◽  
Guilherme Pereira Schoeler ◽  
Vitor Alves Lourenço ◽  
Pierre Luz de Souza ◽  
Cassia Brocca Caballero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Generation ◽  
First Order ◽  
South Brazil

Modelling of the Transport of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Solvents in Groundwater: A Case Study

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
W K. H. Kinzelbach
Keyword(s):  
Transport Model ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Dispersive Transport ◽  
Transport Models ◽  
Chlorinated Hydrocarbon ◽  
First Order ◽  
Hydrocarbon Solvents ◽  
Simplifying Assumptions ◽  
Environmental Engineer

At present chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents rank among the major pollutants found in groundwater. In the interpretation of field data and the planning of decontamination measures numerical transport models may be a valuable tool of the environmental engineer. The applicability of one such model is tested on a case of groundwater pollution by 1,1,1,-trichloroethane. The model is composed of a horizontally 2-D flow model and a 3-D ‘random-walk' transport model. It takes into account convective and dispersive transport as well as linear adsorption and a first order decay reaction. Under certain simplifying assumptions the model allows an adequate reproduction of observed concentrations. Due to uncertainty in data and limited comparabili ty of simulated and measured concentrations the model parameters can only be estimated within bounds. The decay rate of 1,1,1-trichloroethane is estimated to lie between 0 and 0.0005 l/d.

Barack Obama, being sharp

Gesture ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lempert
Keyword(s):  
Information Structure ◽  
Precision Grip ◽  
Barack Obama ◽  
Second Order ◽  
First Order ◽  
Political Oratory ◽  
The Way

Gesture in political oratory and debate is renowned for its nonreferential indexical functions, for the way it purportedly can indicate qualities of speaker and materialize acts of persuasion — functions famously addressed in Quintilian’s classic writings but understudied today. I revisit this problematic through a case study of precision-grip (especially thumb to tip of forefinger) in Barack Obama’s debate performances (2004–2008). Cospeech gesture can index valorized attributes of speaker — not directly but through orders of semiotic motivation. In terms of first-order indexicality, precision-grip highlights discourse in respect of information structure, indicating focus. In debate, precision grip has undergone a degree of conventionalization and has reemerged as a second-order pragmatic resource for performatively “making a ‘sharp’, effective point.” Repetitions and parallelisms of precision grip in debate can, in turn, exhibit speaker-attributes, such as being argumentatively ‘sharp’, and from there may even partake in candidate branding.

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