Probabilistic tourist trip-planning with time-dependent human and environmental factors

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woo Young Kwon ◽  
Mingu Kim ◽  
Il Hong Suh
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Trip Planning

scholarly journals T2DM: Why Epigenetics?

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delphine Fradin ◽  
Pierre Bougnères
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
To Come ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder influenced by interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Epigenetics conveys specific environmental influences into phenotypic traits through a variety of mechanisms that are often installed in early life, then persist in differentiated tissues with the power to modulate the expression of many genes, although undergoing time-dependent alterations. There is still no evidence that epigenetics contributes significantly to the causes or transmission of T2DM from one generation to another, thus, to the current environment-driven epidemics, but it has become so likely, as pointed out in this paper, that one can expect an efflorescence of epigenetic knowledge about T2DM in times to come.

scholarly journals The Lethal Effect of Bacillus subtilis Z15 Secondary Metabolites on Verticillium dahliae

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2098672
Author(s):  
Xieerwanimu Abuduaini ◽  
Ailina Aili ◽  
Rongrong Lin ◽  
Ganggang Song ◽  
Yu Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Dependent Manner

Bacillus subtilis Z15 (BS-Z15), isolated from cotton rhizosphere soil, inhibits Verticillium dahliae and suppresses cotton Verticillium wilt in pot experiments. We investigated the influence of environmental factors, pH, temperature, ultraviolet light, protease, and incubation time on the stability of BS-Z15 secondary metabolites (SMs), and the mechanism underlying the cytotoxicity of BS-Z15 SMs on V. dahliae. BS-Z15 and its fermentation broth inhibited V. dahliae, and this effect was mediated by its SMs. These were shown to be stable to the influence of the above environmental factors. BS-Z15 SMs decreased the viability of V. dahliae conidia in a time-dependent manner. Scanning electron microscopy showed that BS-Z15 and its SMs resulted in flattened and depressed conidia. BS-Z15 SMs induced morphological abnormalities in the hyphae, which showed rough aberrant structures, reduced conidiophore production, and accelerated aging. Flow cytometry using Hoechst/propidium iodide double staining revealed that BS-Z15 SMs induced necrosis in V. dahliae in a time-dependent manner. Fluorescence microscopy showed that BS-Z15 SMs did not induce apoptotic bodies in the conidia of V. dahliae but caused significant changes in karyotypes, accompanied by nuclear lysis and nucleic-acid diffusion, which may play important roles in necrosis. In addition, 0.3 mg/mL BS-Z15 SMs had no effect on either the mitochondrial membrane potential or the synthesis of proapoptotic proteins, indicating that the SMs did not induce apoptosis in V. dahliae. Their lethal effect on V. dahliae was by inducing necrosis in its conidia and hyphae. BS-Z15 SMs thus have potential as biological pesticides to control Verticillium wilt in cotton.

Time-dependent safety performance of reinforced concrete structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1103-1120
Author(s):  
Utino Worabo Woju ◽  
A.S. Balu
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Concrete Beam ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Beam ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Creep And Shrinkage

Purpose Performance of the structure depends on design, construction, environment, utilization and reliability aspects. Other factors can be controlled by adopting proper design and construction techniques, but the environmental factors are difficult to control. Hence, mostly in practice, the environmental factors are not considered in the analysis and design appropriately; however, their impact on the performance of the structures is significant along with the design life. It is in this light that this paper aims to perform the time-dependent performance analysis of reinforced concrete structures majorly considering environmental factors. Design/methodology/approach To achieve the intended objective, a simply supported reinforced concrete beam was designed and detailed as per the Euro Code (EC2). The time-dependent design parameters, corrosion parameters, creep and shrinkage were identified through thorough literature review. The common empirical equations were modified to consider the identified parameters, and finally, the time-dependent performance of reinforced concrete beam was performed. Findings Findings indicate that attention has to be paid to appropriate consideration of the environmental effect on reinforced concrete structures. In that, the time-dependent performance of reinforced concrete beam significantly decreases with time due to corrosion of reinforcement steel, creep and shrinkage. Originality/value However, the Euro code, Ethiopian code and Indian code threat the exposure condition of reinforced concrete by providing corresponding concrete cover that retards the corrosion initiation time but does not eliminate environmental effects. The results of this study clearly indicate that the capacity of reinforced concrete structure degrades with time due to corrosion and creep, whereas the action on the structure due to shrinkage increases. Therefore, appropriate remedial measures have to be taken to control the defects of structures due to the environmental factors to overcome the early failure of the structure.

Non-linear Corrosion Model for Immersed Steel Plates Accounting for Environmental Factors

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Guedes Soares ◽  
Yordan Garbatov ◽  
Ahmed Zayed ◽  
Ge Wang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Marine Environmental

The effects of different marine environmental factors on the corrosion behavior of steel plates totally immersed in salt water are studied. A new corrosion wastage model is proposed, based on a non-linear time-dependent function. This model accounts for the effects of various environmental factors, including salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and flow velocity. A numerical example is illustrated for ships trading in different routes in the Pacific Ocean.

scholarly journals Exploitation drives an ontogenetic-like deepening in marine fish

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (25) ◽  
pp. 6422-6427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth T. Frank ◽  
Brian Petrie ◽  
William C. Leggett ◽  
Daniel G. Boyce
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Fish Distribution ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Low Amplitude

Virtually all studies reporting deepening with increasing size or age by fishes involve commercially harvested species. Studies of North Sea plaice in the early 1900s first documented this phenomenon (named Heincke’s law); it occurred at a time of intensive harvesting and rapid technological changes in fishing methods. The possibility that this deepening might be the result of harvesting has never been evaluated. Instead, age- or size-related deepening have been credited to interactions between density-dependent food resources and density-independent environmental factors. Recently, time-dependent depth variations have been ascribed to ocean warming. We use a model, initialized from observations of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) on the eastern Scotian Shelf, where an age-dependent deepening of ∼60 m was observed, to assess the effect of size- and depth-selective exploitation on fish distribution. Exploitation restricted to the upper 80 m can account for ∼72% of the observed deepening; by extending exploitation to 120 m, all of the deepening can be accounted for. In the absence of fishing, the model indicated no age-related deepening. Observations of depth distributions of older cod during a moratorium on fishing supported this prediction; however, younger cod exhibited low-amplitude deepening (10–15 m) suggestive of an ontogenetic response. The implications of these findings are manifold, particularly as they relate to hypotheses advanced to explain the ecological and evolutionary basis for ontogenetic deepening and to recent calls for the adoption of evidence of species deepening as a biotic indicator or “footprint” of warming seas.

Study on Mode I Quasi-Static Growing Crack in a Rigid-Viscoelastic Material Interfacial Crack

2012 ◽  
Vol 525-526 ◽  
pp. 353-356
Author(s):  
Yong Yang ◽  
Zai Lin Yang ◽  
Li Qiang Tang
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Structural Strength ◽  
Interfacial Crack ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Mode I ◽  
Growing Crack

Under high temperature, many metals show viscoelastic properties, which are closely related to environmental factors and strain rate. Engineering practice also shows that time-dependent deformation of materials have great effects on the structural strength, rigidity and life duration. So visco-elasticity has drawn much attention in the mechanical and engineering fields.

Reductionist thinking and animal models in neuropsychiatric research

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Baran
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Developmental Genetic ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Mechanisms Of Plasticity

AbstractReductionist thinking in neuroscience is manifest in the widespread use of animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders. Broader investigations of diverse behaviors in non-model organisms and longer-term study of the mechanisms of plasticity will yield fundamental insights into the neurobiological, developmental, genetic, and environmental factors contributing to the “massively multifactorial system networks” which go awry in mental disorders.

The dual nature of obesity in metabolic programming: quantity versus quality of adipose tissue

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (18) ◽  
pp. 2447-2451
Author(s):  
Anissa Viveiros ◽  
Gavin Y. Oudit
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Metabolic Programming ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Adipose Tissue Volume ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

Abstract The global prevalence of obesity has been rising at an alarming rate, accompanied by an increase in both childhood and maternal obesity. The concept of metabolic programming is highly topical, and in this context, describes a predisposition of offspring of obese mothers to the development of obesity independent of environmental factors. Research published in this issue of Clinical Science conducted by Litzenburger and colleagues (Clin. Sci. (Lond.) (2020) 134, 921–939) have identified sex-dependent differences in metabolic programming and identify putative signaling pathways involved in the differential phenotype of adipose tissue between males and females. Delineating the distinction between metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity is a topic of emerging interest, and the precise nature of adipocytes are key to pathogenesis, independent of adipose tissue volume.

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