An efficient, wide range time-to-digital converter using cascaded time-interpolation stages for electrical impedance spectroscopy

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seongheon Shin ◽  
Soon-Jae Kweon ◽  
Jeong-Ho Park ◽  
Yong-Chang Choi ◽  
Hyung-Joun Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Digital Converter ◽  
Time To Digital Converter ◽  
Wide Range

scholarly journals Design of Reconfigurable Time-to-Digital Converter Based on Cascaded Time Interpolators for Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1889
Author(s):  
Sounghun Shin ◽  
Yoontae Jung ◽  
Soon-Jae Kweon ◽  
Eunseok Lee ◽  
Jeong-Ho Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Phase Error ◽  
Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Digital Converter ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Input Time ◽  
Interpolation Factor

This paper presents a reconfigurable time-to-digital converter (TDC) used to quantize the phase of the impedance in electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The TDC in the EIS system must handle a wide input-time range for analysis in the low-frequency range and have a high resolution for analysis in the high-frequency range. The proposed TDC adopts a coarse counter to support a wide input-time range and cascaded time interpolators to improve the time resolution in the high-frequency analysis without increasing the counting clock speed. When the same large interpolation factor is adopted, the cascaded time interpolators have shorter measurement time and smaller chip area than a single-stage time interpolator. A reconfigurable time interpolation factor is adopted to maintain the phase resolution with reasonable measurement time. The fabricated TDC has a peak-to-peak phase error of less than 0.72° over the input frequency range from 1 kHz to 512 kHz and the phase error of less than 2.70° when the range is extended to 2.048 MHz, which demonstrates a competitive performance when compared with previously reported designs.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Multiple Electrodes Based Electrical Impedance Spectroscopic Probe for Screening of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 1933
Author(s):  
Tingting Zhang ◽  
Youjeong Jeong ◽  
Dongchoon Park ◽  
Tongin Oh
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Voltage Measurement ◽  
Wide Range

As regular cervical cancer screening becomes more common, the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is increasing. We proposed a noninvasive and low-cost multi-channel electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and probe with multiple active electrodes for screening CIN. Compared with four-electrode probes for impedance spectroscopy, the multiple active electrodes facilitated more flexible combination of current injection and voltage measurement, which allowed well-designed measurement protocols for focused sensitivity underneath the large size of the probe. Furthermore, the multiple active electrodes reduced the negative effects of the cabling between the system and probe inserted into the cervix. After presenting the basic performance, the EIS probe was tested by three different experimental phantoms using four different materials of electrical properties. The corresponding experimental results were presented to prove the functionality of the EIS probe and characterize the electrical properties at a wide range of frequencies from 0.625 to 100 kHz. It had high sensitivity underneath the surface of the probe and a rapidly decreased outer. Furthermore, we verified the frequency-dependent impedance changes using the giant vesicle phantoms with different amounts of extra- and intra-fluids separated by the insulating membranes. This study facilitates the feasibility into clinical practice for identifying CIN in the future.

scholarly journals Use of Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy to Distinguish Cancer from Normal Tissues with a Four Electrode Terminal Setup

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-344
Author(s):  
Viviane S. Teixeira ◽  
Vera Labitzky ◽  
Udo Schumacher ◽  
Wolfgang Krautschneider
Keyword(s):  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Spectral Response ◽  
Impedance Spectrum ◽  
Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Electrode Polarization ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cancer Tissues ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCancer and normal tissues are visually different from each other, especially so in more advanced cancer stages. More important, they are not only visually contrasting, but if an electric field is applied to both tissue types and the frequency is varied in a wide range, it will be seen that the two tissue types in general have a spectral response divergent from each other and this has to do with the characteristics of cancer tissues in contrast to normal ones. In this work, Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy is applied to try to distinguish cancer from healthy tissues by means of their impedance spectrum using a four-electrode-terminal setup. The use of the fourterminal- setup setup is important to circumvent the impact of electrode polarization at frequencies below 1 kHz.

scholarly journals Effect of ADC Resolution on Low-Frequency Electrical Time-Domain Impedance Spectroscopy

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reyhaneh L. Namin ◽  
Shahin J. Ashtiani
Keyword(s):  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Digital Converter ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Analogue To Digital ◽  
First Time

AbstractIn this paper, the effect of the resolution of an analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) on the accuracy of timedomain low-frequency electrical impedance spectroscopy is examined. For the first time, we demonstrated that different wideband stimuli signals used for impedance spectroscopy have different sensitivities to the resolution of ADC used in impedance spectroscopy systems. We also proposed Ramp and Half-Gaussian signals as new wideband stimulating signals for EIS. The effect of ADC resolution was studied for Sinc, Gaussian, Half-Gaussian, and Ramp excitation signals using both simulation and experiments. We found that Ramp and Half-Gaussian signals have the best performance, especially at low frequencies. Based on the results, a wideband electrical impedance spectroscopy circuit was implemented with a high accuracy at frequencies bellow 10 Hz.

A Rapid Approach to Measure Extracted Chlorophyll-a from Lettuce Leaves using Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 232 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakibul Islam Chowdhury ◽  
Rinku Basak ◽  
Khan Arif Wahid ◽  
Katy Nugent ◽  
Helen Baulch
Keyword(s):  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy

scholarly journals Study of Reduced Graphene Oxide Dispersions via Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 1679-1685
Author(s):  
Angeliki-Eirini Dimou ◽  
Ioanna Sakellariou ◽  
George M. Maistros ◽  
Nikolaos D. Alexopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Reduced Graphene

scholarly journals Utilization of Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy and Image Classification for Non-Invasive Early Assessment of Meat Freshness

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1001
Author(s):  
Sooin Huh ◽  
Hye-Jin Kim ◽  
Seungah Lee ◽  
Jinwoo Cho ◽  
Aera Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Early Assessment ◽  
Relative Standard

This study presents a system for assessing the freshness of meat with electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in the frequency range of 125 Hz to 128 kHz combined with an image classifier for non-destructive and low-cost applications. The freshness standard is established by measuring the aerobic plate count (APC), 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and composition analysis (crude fat, crude protein, and moisture) values of the microbiological detection to represent the correlation between EIS and meat freshness. The EIS and images of meat are combined to predict the freshness with the Adaboost classification and gradient boosting regression algorithms. As a result, when the elapsed time of beef storage for 48 h is classified into three classes, the time prediction accuracy is up to 85% compared to prediction accuracy of 56.7% when only images are used without EIS information. Significantly, the relative standard deviation (RSD) of APC and TBARS value predictions with EIS and images datum achieves 0.890 and 0.678, respectively.

Electrical impedance spectroscopy for the characterization of skin barrier in atopic dermatitis

Allergy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo O. Rinaldi ◽  
Angelica Korsfeldt ◽  
Siobhan Ward ◽  
Daniel Burla ◽  
Anita Dreher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy
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