Method for Horizontal Alignment Deviation Measurement Using Binocular Camera Without Common Target

This paper proposes a standardized format for the preparation of process green synthesis reports that can be applied to chemical syntheses of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) of importance to the pharmaceutical industry. Such a report is comprised of the following eight sections: a synthesis scheme, a synthesis tree, radial pentagons and step E-factor breakdowns for each reaction step, a tabular summary of key material efficiency step and overall metrics for a synthesis plan, a mass process block diagram, an energy consumption audit based on heating and cooling reaction and auxiliary solvents, a summary of environmental and safety-hazard impacts based on organic solvent consumption using the Rowan solvent greenness index, and a cycle time process schedule. Illustrative examples of process green synthesis reports are given for the following pharmaceuticals: 5-HT2B and 5-HT7 receptors antagonist (Astellas Pharma), brivanib (Bristol-Myers Squibb), and orexin receptor agonist (Merck). Methods of ranking synthesis plans to a common target product are also discussed using 6 industrial synthesis plans of apixaban (Bristol-Myers Squibb) as a working example. The Borda count method is suggested as a facile and reliable computational method for ranking multiple synthesis plans to a common target product using the following 4 attributes obtained from a process green synthesis report: process mass intensity, mass of sacrificial reagents used per kg of product, input enthalpic energy for solvents, and Rowan solvent greenness index for organic solvents.<br>

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Orbitofrontal cortex neurons as a common target for classic and glutamatergic antipsychotic drugs.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1137845.594930 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

Guoping Feng ◽

Jonathan Ting

Keyword(s):

Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽

Antipsychotic Drugs ◽

Common Target

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Evaluation of Adrenal Cortical Function in Neonatal and Weanling Laboratory Beagle Dogs

Toxicologic Pathology ◽

10.1177/01926233211009492 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 019262332110094

Author(s):

Janet M. Petruska ◽

Maria Adamo ◽

Jeffrey McCartney ◽

Ahamat Aboulmali ◽

Thomas J. Rosol

Keyword(s):

Adrenal Gland ◽

Pituitary Gland ◽

Endocrine System ◽

Beagle Dogs ◽

Cortical Function ◽

Test Species ◽

Toxicity Studies ◽

Gland Function ◽

Common Target ◽

Adrenal Cortical Function

The most common target organ for toxicity in the endocrine system is the adrenal gland, and its function is dependent upon the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Histopathologic examination of the adrenal glands and pituitary gland is routinely performed in toxicity studies. However, the function of the adrenal gland is not routinely assessed in toxicity studies. Assessment of adrenal cortical function may be necessary to determine whether a histopathologic finding in the adrenal cortex results in a functional effect in the test species. As juvenile toxicity studies are more commonly performed in support of pediatric indications for pharmaceuticals, it is important to establish historical control data for adrenal gland function. In this study, adrenal cortical function was assessed in control neonatal and weanling beagle dogs as part of an ongoing juvenile toxicology program. Measurements of serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol prior to and following administration of exogenous ACTH, and aldosterone were conducted beginning at 2 weeks of age continuing through 26 weeks of age. Serum electrolyte concentrations were determined at 4, 13, and 26 weeks of age. Dogs as young as 2 weeks of age synthesize and secrete adrenal cortical hormones and exhibit a functional hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis.

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Securing Remote Access to Information Systems of Critical Infrastructure Using Two-Factor Authentication

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics10151819 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (15) ◽

pp. 1819

Author(s):

Rasa Bruzgiene ◽

Konstantinas Jurgilas

Keyword(s):

Information Systems ◽

Identity Management ◽

Critical Infrastructure ◽

User Authentication ◽

Remote Access ◽

Access To Information ◽

Digital Space ◽

Cyber Threats ◽

The Core ◽

Common Target

Information systems of critical infrastructure provide services on which the core functions of a state and its economy depend as well as welfare of society. Such systems are becoming an increasingly common target for crimes and attacks in cyberspace, as their vulnerabilities can be exploited for malicious activities seeking financial or political gain. One of the main reasons that threatens the security of these systems is the weak control of remote access, otherwise defined as management of a system’s user identity. Management of user identity depends on user authentication, authorization and the assignment of certain rights in the digital space. This paper provides the proposed two-factor (2FA) digital authentication method for remote access to an information system of a critical infrastructure. Results of testing the method’s usability and resilience to cyber threats have shown that the system, in which the method was implemented, is protected from dangerous HTTP requests and publicly available system’s endpoints are protected from threatening inputs that could cause malicious activities on the critical infrastructure. Additionally, the implementation of the authentication API application ensures the rapidity of the method for less than 500 ms for 100 users working in parallel with the system at the same time.

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Traffic and speed characteristics on two-lane highways: field study

Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering ◽

10.1139/l03-033 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 30 (6) ◽

pp. 1042-1054 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yasser Hassan

Keyword(s):

Light Condition ◽

Operating Speed ◽

Ambient Light ◽

Horizontal Curve ◽

Vehicle Class ◽

Rural Highways ◽

Horizontal Alignment ◽

Heavy Truck ◽

Traffic Composition ◽

Rural Highway

Many models have been developed to evaluate the operating speeds on two-lane rural highways. However, provided information usually lacks details essential to assess their applicability at locations other than where they were developed. This paper presents a procedure to interpret raw data collected on three horizontal curve sites of different two-lane rural highway classes in Ontario. The speed observations were categorized into three vehicle classes (passenger car, light truck, and multi-axle heavy truck) and four light condition categories (day, night, and two transition periods). The minimum headway and percentile value to define the operating speed were examined, and a revision of the current practice deemed not warranted. The findings also indicated that operating speeds do not depend on the time or vehicle class. Finally, the horizontal alignment affects the operating speed, but the speeds of the two travel directions on a horizontal curve may differ even with little contribution of the vertical alignment.Key words: highway geometric design, operating speed, traffic composition, traffic counters, ambient light, acceleration, deceleration.

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Aiming for a standardized protocol for preparing a process green synthesis report and for ranking multiple synthesis plans to a common target product

Green Processing and Synthesis ◽

10.1515/gps-2019-0048 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 787-801

Author(s):

John Andraos

Keyword(s):

Green Synthesis ◽

Block Diagram ◽

Computational Method ◽

Borda Count ◽

Target Product ◽

Material Efficiency ◽

Synthesis Report ◽

Common Target ◽

Greenness Index ◽

Multiple Synthesis

Abstract This paper proposes a standardized format for the preparation of process green synthesis reports that can be applied to chemical syntheses of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) of importance to the pharmaceutical industry. Such a report is comprised of the following eight sections: a synthesis scheme, a synthesis tree, radial pentagons and step E-factor breakdowns for each reaction step, a tabular summary of key material efficiency step and overall metrics for a synthesis plan, a mass process block diagram, an energy consumption audit based on heating and cooling reaction and auxiliary solvents, a summary of environmental and safety-hazard impacts based on organic solvent consumption using the Rowan solvent greenness index, and a cycle time process schedule. Illustrative examples of process green synthesis reports are given for the following pharmaceuticals: 5-HT2B and 5-HT7 receptors antagonist (Astellas Pharma), brivanib (Bristol-Myers Squibb), and orexin receptor agonist (Merck). Methods of ranking synthesis plans to a common target product are also discussed using 6 industrial synthesis plans of apixaban (Bristol-Myers Squibb) as a working example. The Borda count method is suggested as a facile and reliable computational method for ranking multiple synthesis plans to a common target product using the following 4 attributes obtained from a process green synthesis report: process mass intensity, mass of sacrificial reagents used per kg of product, input enthalpic energy for solvents, and Rowan solvent greenness index for organic solvents.

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Extraction and Analysis of Tetrahydrocannabinol, A Cannabis Compound in Oral Fluid

International Journal of Biology ◽

10.5539/ijb.v9n1p30 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 30

Author(s):

Wei Zhang ◽

Jun Wang ◽

Zhiyuan Mi ◽

Jiangtao Su ◽

Xiangyu You ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Testing ◽

Oral Fluid ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Liquid Extraction ◽

Phase Extraction ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽

The Common ◽

Common Target

Although misuse and abuse of Cannabis is well known, the health benefits have been proved by various biomedical studies. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the major active substance in leaves of Cannabis, which is the common target for drug testing. In field drug testing, oral fluid (OF) has its unique advantages over other specimens such as blood, urine, and hair. Thus the study of THC in OF is gaining popularity in Cannabis research. In this review, extraction methods are introduced in three categories, which are Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE), Solid Phase Extraction (SPE), and Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE). Examples of application with each method will be covered. Advantages and disadvantages of these methods will be compared. In addition, methods in analysis following extraction will be briefly discussed.

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PAX5 is a tumor suppressor in mouse mutagenesis models of acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2015-02-626127 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 125 (23) ◽

pp. 3609-3617 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Jinjun Dang ◽

Lei Wei ◽

Jeroen de Ridder ◽

Xiaoping Su ◽

Alistair G. Rust ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽

Tumor Suppressor ◽

Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽

Genetic Alterations ◽

Genetic Alteration ◽

Human Leukemia ◽

Key Points ◽

Leukemia Development ◽

Common Target ◽

Mouse Mutagenesis

Key Points Heterozygous alterations of Pax5, the most common target of genetic alteration in ALL, promote ALL in mouse mutagenesis models. Leukemia development is accompanied by the acquisition of genetic alterations commonly observed in human leukemia.

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