scholarly journals Microwave Sensing of Brain Water – a Simulation and Experimental Study Using Human Brain Models

IEEE Access ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 111303-111315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaakko Hakala ◽  
Joni Kilpijarvi ◽  
Mariella Sarestoniemi ◽  
Matti Hamalainen ◽  
Sami Myllymaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Models ◽  
Brain Water

scholarly journals 45698 Molecular Signatures of Cocaine Neurotoxicity in Human Brain Models

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Emily Mendez ◽  
Laura Stertz ◽  
Gabriel Fries ◽  
Ruifeng Hu ◽  
Thomas Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Molecular Signatures ◽  
Brain Models

A comprehensive experimental study on material properties of human brain tissue

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (16) ◽  
pp. 2795-2801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Jin ◽  
Feng Zhu ◽  
Haojie Mao ◽  
Ming Shen ◽  
King H. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Human Brain Tissue

scholarly journals Improvements in localized proton NMR spectroscopy of human brain. Water suppression, short echo times, and 1 ml resolution

1990 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 464-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Frahm ◽  
T Michaelis ◽  
K.D Merboldt ◽  
H Bruhn ◽  
M.L Gyngell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Proton Nmr ◽  
Water Suppression ◽  
Proton Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Brain Water

scholarly journals Effect of low-intensity magnetic stimulation on human attention span-Experimental Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
roohollah basatnia
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Human Attention ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

Attention is a cognitive and behavioral process that selectively focuses on the individual aspects of subjective or objective information. It has been shown that transcranial magnetic stimulation of the brain, or rTMS, can affect the networks of attention in the brain of some peoples. In this study we report the effects of our experimental setup(Beta-1 Device) on human brain. Current research shows the influences of our setup on human concentration and attention. Respected to the low number of sessions of this stimulation using the beta1 device and the significant effect of this stimulation, the beta1 system can be helpful in the treatment or improvement of attention deficit disorders. It is suggested that the effectiveness of this machine in increasing attention and focus should be studied by repeating this research and increasing the number of magnetic stimulation sessions of the brain. Due to the results of the previous researches in the stimulation of the DLPFC area and its relevance with the recovery of depression, the effect of stimulation of brain by this device on depression is expected. In the present study, the final scores of attention and visual and auditory focus in the IVA test were considered. It seems that repeating the research and measuring the different components of attention mentioned in this test can illuminate the dark angles of the present study.

scholarly journals Modular Supercomputing for Neuroscience

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-80
Author(s):  
Estela Suarez ◽  
Susanne Kunkel ◽  
Anne Küsters ◽  
Hans Ekkehard Plesser ◽  
Thomas Lippert
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Heterogeneous Computing ◽  
System Level ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Software Environment ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Software Implementations ◽  
Brain Models ◽  
Precise Simulation ◽  
Complex Organ

AbstractThe precise simulation of the human brain requires coupling different models in order to cover the different physiological and functional aspects of this extremely complex organ. Each of this brain models is implemented following specific mathematical and programming approaches, potentially leading to diverging computational behaviour and requirements. Such situation is the typical use case that can benefit from the Modular Supercomputing Architecture (MSA), which organizes heterogeneous computing resources at system level. This architecture and its corresponding software environment enable to run each part of an application or a workflow on the best suited hardware.This paper presents the MSA concept covering current hardware and software implementations, and describes how the neuroscientific workflow resulting of coupling the codes NEST and Arbor is being prepared to exploit the MSA.

scholarly journals In situ impedance measurements on postmortem porcine brain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Poßner ◽  
Matthias Laukner ◽  
Florian Wilhelmy ◽  
Dirk Lindner ◽  
Uwe Pliquett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Human Brain Tissue ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Impedance Measurements ◽  
Porcine Brain

AbstractThe paper presents an experimental study where the distinctness of grey and white matter of an in situ postmortem porcine brain by impedance measurements is investigated. Experimental conditions that would allow to conduct the same experiment on in vivo human brain tissue are replicated.https://doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2019-XXXX

scholarly journals Calibration of a Heterogeneous Brain Model Using a Subject-Specific Inverse Finite Element Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sebastian Giudice ◽  
Ahmed Alshareef ◽  
Taotao Wu ◽  
Andrew K. Knutsen ◽  
Lucy V. Hiscox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Template Model ◽  
Material Parameters ◽  
Material Heterogeneity ◽  
Subject Specific ◽  
Brain Models

Central to the investigation of the biomechanics of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the assessment of injury risk from head impact are finite element (FE) models of the human brain. However, many existing FE human brain models have been developed with simplified representations of the parenchyma, which may limit their applicability as an injury prediction tool. Recent advances in neuroimaging techniques and brain biomechanics provide new and necessary experimental data that can improve the biofidelity of FE brain models. In this study, the CAB-20MSym template model was developed, calibrated, and extensively verified. To implement material heterogeneity, a magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) template image was leveraged to define the relative stiffness gradient of the brain model. A multi-stage inverse FE (iFE) approach was used to calibrate the material parameters that defined the underlying non-linear deviatoric response by minimizing the error between model-predicted brain displacements and experimental displacement data. This process involved calibrating the infinitesimal shear modulus of the material using low-severity, low-deformation impact cases and the material non-linearity using high-severity, high-deformation cases from a dataset of in situ brain displacements obtained from cadaveric specimens. To minimize the geometric discrepancy between the FE models used in the iFE calibration and the cadaveric specimens from which the experimental data were obtained, subject-specific models of these cadaveric brain specimens were developed and used in the calibration process. Finally, the calibrated material parameters were extensively verified using independent brain displacement data from 33 rotational head impacts, spanning multiple loading directions (sagittal, coronal, axial), magnitudes (20–40 rad/s), durations (30–60 ms), and severity. Overall, the heterogeneous CAB-20MSym template model demonstrated good biofidelity with a mean overall CORA score of 0.63 ± 0.06 when compared to in situ brain displacement data. Strains predicted by the calibrated model under non-injurious rotational impacts in human volunteers (N = 6) also demonstrated similar biofidelity compared to in vivo measurements obtained from tagged magnetic resonance imaging studies. In addition to serving as an anatomically accurate model for further investigations of TBI biomechanics, the MRE-based framework for implementing material heterogeneity could serve as a foundation for incorporating subject-specific material properties in future models.

scholarly journals Functional Characterization of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Models of the Brain with Microelectrode Arrays

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Anssi Pelkonen ◽  
Cristiana Pistono ◽  
Pamela Klecki ◽  
Mireia Gómez-Budia ◽  
Antonios Dougalis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Microelectrode Arrays ◽  
Network Activity ◽  
Human Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Network Function ◽  
Brain Models

Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived neuron cultures have emerged as models of electrical activity in the human brain. Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) measure changes in the extracellular electric potential of cell cultures or tissues and enable the recording of neuronal network activity. MEAs have been applied to both human subjects and hPSC-derived brain models. Here, we review the literature on the functional characterization of hPSC-derived two- and three-dimensional brain models with MEAs and examine their network function in physiological and pathological contexts. We also summarize MEA results from the human brain and compare them to the literature on MEA recordings of hPSC-derived brain models. MEA recordings have shown network activity in two-dimensional hPSC-derived brain models that is comparable to the human brain and revealed pathology-associated changes in disease models. Three-dimensional hPSC-derived models such as brain organoids possess a more relevant microenvironment, tissue architecture and potential for modeling the network activity with more complexity than two-dimensional models. hPSC-derived brain models recapitulate many aspects of network function in the human brain and provide valid disease models, but certain advancements in differentiation methods, bioengineering and available MEA technology are needed for these approaches to reach their full potential.

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