scholarly journals Long Short-Term Memory Based Spectrum Sensing Scheme for Cognitive Radio Using Primary Activity Statistics

IEEE Access ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 97437-97451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brijesh Soni ◽  
Dhaval K. Patel ◽  
Miguel Lopez-Benitez
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Primary Activity ◽  
Long Short Term Memory

scholarly journals Design of an Novel Spectrum Sensing Scheme Based on Long Short-Term Memory and Experimental Validation

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Nupur Choudhury ◽  
Kandarpa Kumar Sarma ◽  
Chinmoy Kalita ◽  
Aradhana Misra
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Feature Learning ◽  
Noise Model ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Long Short Term Memory

Spectrum sensing allows cognitive radio systems to detect relevant signals in despite the presence of severe interference. Most of the existing spectrum sensing techniques use a particular signal-noise model with certain assumptions and derive certain detection performance. To deal with this uncertainty, learning based approaches are being adopted and more recently deep learning based tools have become popular. Here, we propose an approach of spectrum sensing which is based on long short term memory (LSTM) which is a critical element of deep learning networks (DLN). Use of LSTM facilitates implicit feature learning from spectrum data. The DLN is trained using several features and the performance of the proposed sensing technique is validated with the help of an empirical testbed setup using Adalm Pluto. The testbed is trained to acquire the primary signal of a real world radio broadcast taking place using FM. Experimental data show that even at low signal to noise ratio, our approach performs well in terms of detection and classification accuracies, as compared to current spectrum sensing methods.

scholarly journals A Blind Spectrum Sensing Method Based on Deep Learning

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 2270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Yang ◽  
Zhitao Huang ◽  
Xiang Wang ◽  
Xueqiong Li
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Long Short Term Memory ◽  
Noise Ratio

Spectrum sensing is one of the technologies that is used to solve the current problem of low utilization of spectrum resources. However, when the signal-to-noise ratio is low, current spectrum sensing methods cannot well-handle a situation in which the prior information of the licensed user signal is lacking. In this paper, a blind spectrum sensing method based on deep learning is proposed that uses three kinds of neural networks together, namely convolutional neural networks, long short-term memory, and fully connected neural networks. Experiments show that the proposed method has better performance than an energy detector, especially when the signal-to-noise ratio is low. At the same time, this paper also analyzes the effect of different long short-term memory layers on detection performance, and explores why the deep-learning-based detector can achieve better performance.

scholarly journals Joint Channel Allocation and Power Control Based on Long Short-Term Memory Deep Q Network in Cognitive Radio Networks

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Zifeng Ye ◽  
Yonghua Wang ◽  
Pin Wan
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Power Control ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Channel Allocation ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Radio Networks ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Long Short Term Memory ◽  
Spectrum Resource Management

Efficient spectrum resource management in cognitive radio networks (CRNs) is a promising method that improves the utilization of spectrum resource. In particular, the power control and channel allocation are of top priorities in spectrum resource management. Nevertheless, the joint design of power control and channel allocation is an NP-hard problem and the research is still in the preliminary stage. In this paper, we propose a novel joint approach based on long short-term memory deep Q network (LSTM-DQN). Our objective is to obtain the channel allocation schemes of the access points (APs) and the power control strategies of the secondary users (SUs). Specifically, the received signal strength information (RSSI) collected by the microbase stations is used as the input of LSTM-DQN. In this way, the collection of RSSI can be shared between users. After the training is completed, the APs are capable of selecting channels with small interference while the SUs may access the authorized channels in an underlay operation mode without knowing any knowledge about the primary users (PUs). Experimental results show that the channels are allocated to the APs with a lower probability of collision. Moreover, the SUs can adjust their power control strategies quickly to avoid the harmful interference to the PUs when the environment parameters change randomly. Consequently, the overall performance of CRNs and the utilization of spectrum resources are improved significantly compared to existing popular solutions.

scholarly journals Primary user characterization for cognitive radio wireless networks using long short-term memory

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 155014771881182
Author(s):  
Johana Hernández ◽  
Danilo López ◽  
Nelson Vera
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Primary User ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Neural Structure ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Long Short Term Memory ◽  
Inference Systems

Cognitive radio is a paradigm that proposes managing the radio electric spectrum dynamically by integrating the spectrum sensing, decision-making, sharing, and mobility stages. In the decision-making stage, the best available channel is selected for transmitting secondary user data in an opportunistic fashion, and the success of that stage depends on the efficiency of the primary user characterization model. Use of the long short-term memory technique based on the deep learning concept is proposed in order to reduce the forecasting error present in the future estimation of primary users in the GSM and WiFi frequency bands. The results show that long short-term memory has the capacity needed to improve channel use forecasting significantly more than other methods such as multilayer perceptron neural networks, Bayesian networks, and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS-Grid). It is concluded that although long short-term memory exhibits better performance generating forecasts for time series, computing complexity is higher due to the existence of input, forget, and output gates within the neural structure; therefore, implementation is feasible in cognitive radio networks based on centralized network topologies.

Incorporating Financial News for Forecasting Bitcoin Prices Based on Long Short-Term Memory Networks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdolreza Nazemi ◽  
Johannes Jakubik ◽  
Andreas Geyer-Schulz ◽  
Frank J. Fabozzi
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Financial News ◽  
Long Short Term Memory
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