scholarly journals The Impact of Cloud-To-Ground Lightning Type on the Differences in Return Stroke Peak Current Over Land and Ocean

IEEE Access ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 174774-174781
Author(s):  
Kenneth L. Cummins ◽  
Jennifer G. Wilson ◽  
Amy S. Eichenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Return Stroke ◽  
Peak Current ◽  
Cloud To Ground Lightning ◽  
The Impact

Pre- and Postupgrade Distributions of NLDN Reported Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Characteristics in the Contiguous United States

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (9) ◽  
pp. 3623-3633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott D. Rudlosky ◽  
Henry E. Fuelberg
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
General Increase ◽  
Return Stroke ◽  
Southeast United States ◽  
Peak Current ◽  
Lightning Detection ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cloud To Ground Lightning ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Weak Peak

Abstract The National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) underwent a major upgrade during 2002–03 that increased its sensitivity and improved its performance. It is important to examine cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning distributions before and after this upgrade because CG characteristics depend on both measurement capabilities and meteorological variability. This study compares preupgrade (1996–99, 2001) and postupgrade (2004–09) CG distributions over the contiguous United States to examine the influence of the recent upgrade and to provide baseline postupgrade averages. Increased sensitivity explains most of the differences in the pre- and postupgrade distributions, including a general increase in total CG and positive CG (+CG) flash densities. The increase in +CG occurs despite the use of a greater weak +CG threshold for removing ambiguous +CG reports (post 15 kA versus pre 10 kA). Conversely, the average +CG percentage decreased from 10.61% to 8.65% following the upgrade. The average +CG (−CG) multiplicity increased from 1.10 (2.05) before to 1.54 (2.41) after the upgrade. Since true +CG flashes rarely contain more than one return stroke, explanations for the greater than unity +CG multiplicities remain unclear. Postupgrade results indicate that regions with mostly weak peak current +CG flashes now exhibit greater average +CG multiplicities, whereas regions with mainly strong +CG flashes now exhibit smaller average +CG multiplicities. The combination of NLDN performance, meteorological conditions, and physical differences in first −CG return strokes over saltwater produce maxima in −CG multiplicity and peak current over the coastal waters of the southeast United States.

Observation of Isolated Breakdown Lightning Flashes in a Tropical Region

2014 ◽  
Vol 554 ◽  
pp. 583-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamyar Mehranzamir ◽  
Zulkurnain Abdul-Malek ◽  
Behnam Salimi ◽  
Noor Azlinda Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Electric Discharge ◽  
Lightning Discharge ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Lightning Flash ◽  
High Current ◽  
Return Stroke ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Cloud To Ground Lightning ◽  
Main Portion ◽  
The Impact

The impact of lightning on humans and its threats on life and structures have encouraged the scientists to pursue study in this field. Lightning flash is a high current electric discharge that can be classified into five categories which are intra-cloud discharges, cloud to cloud, cloud to air, ground to cloud and cloud to ground discharges. Intra-cloud discharges have the main portion of the lightning flashes. The most damages and disturbances of lightning flashes are due to cloud to ground and ground to cloud flashes. The discharge phenomenon has various behaviors even in the same thunderstorm. The cloud to ground lightning discharge starts with preliminary breakdown pulses followed by leaders which cause return strokes. The subsequent strokes happen after the first return stroke in a typical lightning flash, but in few flashes the discharges do not lead to any subsequent strokes. This research investigates on these types of flashes which are called isolated breakdown lightning flashes, in Malaysia. The isolated breakdown flashes have rarely been seen in tropical regions compared with temperate areas. Among 150 selected waveforms on 9thMay 2013 in our measurement station, only 10 isolated lightning flashes were observed in our dataset, which make up less than 7% of total flashes in one thunderstorm.

Investigation of Zero Crossing Detection for First Return Stroke in Negative Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Flash

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Idil Abd Rahman ◽  
◽  
Muhammad Akmal Bahari ◽  
Zikri Abadi Baharudin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lightning Flash ◽  
Return Stroke ◽  
Zero Crossing ◽  
Cloud To Ground Lightning

scholarly journals Comprehensive Analysis of a Coast Thunderstorm That Produced a Sprite over the Bohai Sea

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 718
Author(s):  
Cong Pan ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
Kun Liu ◽  
Yu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Bohai Sea ◽  
Mesoscale Convective System ◽  
Convective System ◽  
Return Stroke ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Transient Luminous Events ◽  
Stratiform Region ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mesoscale Convective ◽  
Cloud To Ground Lightning

Sprites are transient luminous events (TLEs) that occur over thunderstorm clouds that represent the direct coupling relationship between the troposphere and the upper atmosphere. We report the evolution of a mesoscale convective system (MCS) that produced only one sprite event, and the characteristics of this thunderstorm and the related lightning activity are analyzed in detail. The results show that the parent flash of the sprite was positive cloud-to-ground lightning (+CG) with a single return stroke, which was located in the trailing stratiform region of the MCS with a radar reflectivity of 25 to 35 dBZ. The absolute value of the negative CG (−CG) peak current for half an hour before and after the occurrence of the sprite was less than 50 kA, which was not enough to produce the sprite. Sprites tend to be produced early in the maturity-to-dissipation stage of the MCS, with an increasing percentage of +CG to total CG (POP), indicating that the sprite production was the attenuation of the thunderstorm and the area of the stratiform region.

Return stroke peak current observations of negative natural and triggered lightning in Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 76 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 493-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Pinto ◽  
I.R.C.A. Pinto ◽  
M.M.F. Saba ◽  
N.N. Solorzano ◽  
D. Guedes
Keyword(s):  
Return Stroke ◽  
Peak Current ◽  
Triggered Lightning

Estimation of Return-Stroke Peak Current of Lightning Strokes Registered by WWLLN: a Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Svetlana Yurievna Karanina ◽  
Nikolay Viktorovich Baranovskiy ◽  
Andrey Vladimirovich Karanin ◽  
Marina Yurievna Belikova
Keyword(s):  
Return Stroke ◽  
Peak Current

Detecting Multiple Ground Contacts in Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Flashes

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 2392-2402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina A. Stall ◽  
Kenneth L. Cummins ◽  
E. Philip Krider ◽  
John A. Cramer
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Rise Time ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Peak Current ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Lightning Detection ◽  
Cloud To Ground Lightning ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Cg Lightning

Abstract Video recordings of cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning flashes have been analyzed in conjunction with correlated stroke reports from the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) to determine whether the NLDN is capable of identifying the different ground contacts in CG flashes. For 39 negative CG flashes that were recorded on video near Tucson, Arizona, the NLDN-based horizontal distances between the first stroke and the 62 subsequent strokes remaining in a preexisting channel had a mean and standard deviation of 0.9 ± 0.8 km and a median of 0.7 km. The horizontal distances between the first stroke and the 59 new ground contacts (NGCs) had a mean and standard deviation of 2.3 ± 1.7 km and a median of 2.1 km. These results are in good agreement with prior measurements of the random errors in NLDN positions in southern Arizona as well as video- and thunder-based measurements of the distances between all ground contacts in Florida. In cases where the distances between ground contacts are small and obscured by random errors in the NLDN locations, measurements of the stroke rise time, estimated peak current, and stroke order can be utilized to enhance the ability of the NLDN to identify strokes that produce new ground terminations.

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