scholarly journals Expansion of Cluster Head Stability Using Fuzzy in Cognitive Radio CR-VANET

IEEE Access ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 173185-173195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asim Saleem ◽  
Shijie Zhou ◽  
Abida Sharif ◽  
Tanzila Saba ◽  
Muhammad Azam Zia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Head Stability

Heterogeneous Dynamic Priority Scheduling in Time Critical Applications

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Arvind Viswanathan ◽  
Garimella Rama Murthy ◽  
Naveen Chilamkurti
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Primary User ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Priority Assignment ◽  
Dynamic Priority ◽  
Time Critical ◽  
Unlicensed Band

In the unlicensed band, the notion of primary user and secondary user (To implement cognitive radio) is not explicit. By dynamic priority assignment the authors propose to implement cognitive radio in the unlicensed band. In time critical events, the data which is most important, has to be given the time slots. Wireless Sensor nodes in the authors’ case are considered to be mobile, and hence make it difficult to prioritize one over another. A node may be out of the reach of the cluster head or base station by the time it is allotted a time slot and hence mobility is a constraint. With the data changing dynamically and factors such as energy and mobility, which are major constraints, assigning priority to the nodes becomes difficult. In this paper, the authors have discussed about how Wireless Sensor Networks are able to allocate priorities to nodes in the unlicensed band with multiple parameters being posed. They have done simulations on NS-2 and have shown the implementation results.

scholarly journals In-Network Data Aggregation for Ad Hoc Clustered Cognitive Radio Wireless Sensor Network

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 6741
Author(s):  
Mohamad Rida Mortada ◽  
Abbass Nasser ◽  
Ali Mansour ◽  
Koffi-Clément Yao
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Data Aggregation ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Network Data ◽  
Collision Rate ◽  
Number Of Clusters ◽  
Network Latency

In cognitive radio wireless sensor networks (CRSN), the nodes act as secondary users. Therefore, they can access a channel whenever its primary user (PU) is absent. Thus, the nodes are assumed to be equipped with a spectrum sensing (SS) module to monitor the PU activity. In this manuscript, we focus on a clustered CRSN, where the cluster head (CH) performs SS, gathers the data, and sends it toward a central base station by adopting an ad hoc topology with in-network data aggregation (IDA) capability. In such networks, when the number of clusters increases, the consumed energy by the data transmission decreases, while the total consumed energy of SS increases, since more CHs need to perform SS before transmitting. The effect of IDA on CRSN performance is investigated in this manuscript. To select the best number of clusters, a study is derived aiming to extend the network lifespan, taking the SS requirements, the IDA effect, and the energy consumed by both SS and transmission into consideration. Furthermore, the collision rate between primary and secondary transmissions and the network latency are theoretically derived. Numerical results corroborate the efficiency of IDA to extend the network lifespan and minimize both the collision rate and the network latency.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Cognitive Radio Based Internet-Of-Things Network for Energy Efficiency and Spectrum Utilization

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9S) ◽  
pp. 191-199
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Energy Balancing ◽  
Spectrum Utilization ◽  
Selection Scheme

Energy and Spectrum are the two basic requirements in the realm of Internet-of-Things (IoT). The network of IoT is becoming larger day by day and the design of spectrum and energy efficient solution is a quite challenging task because of the rapid increase of connecting devices in IoT network. To make the system more energy and spectral efficient, energy harvesting and cognitive radio (CR) are the proficient solutions, respectively. This paper introduces a spectral and energy efficient design for CR based sensor networks. We present a network architecture, in which nodes or other sensing devices can use the spectrum opportunistically and energy harvesting can be done from different ambient sources. We then propose an 1) energy alancing scheme for heterogeneous network in which nodes will have different energy levels and 2) Cluster head (CH) selection scheme which will only be performed on the few nodes of network having the highest current energy to accomplish the ultimate goal of energy balancing in network, this analysis is performed with in the cluster. Furthermore, for the spectral efficiency, we propose a channel management scheme based on cognitive radio to allot the best available channel having highest reliability in respect of the bit error rate (BER) using. Comprehensive results exhibit the effectiveness in the performance of the proposed spectral and energy efficient schemes and show better performance over other schemes.

scholarly journals A Collaborative Approach for Monitoring Nodes Behavior during Spectrum Sensing to Mitigate Multiple Attacks in Cognitive Radio Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Khasawneh ◽  
Anjali Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Cognitive Radio Networks ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Radio Networks ◽  
Collaborative Approach ◽  
Spectrum Utilization ◽  
A Value ◽  
Active Attacks ◽  
Specific Number

Spectrum sensing is the first step to overcome the spectrum scarcity problem in Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) wherein all unutilized subbands in the radio environment are explored for better spectrum utilization. Adversary nodes can threaten these spectrum sensing results by launching passive and active attacks that prevent legitimate nodes from using the spectrum efficiently. Securing the spectrum sensing process has become an important issue in CRNs in order to ensure reliable and secure spectrum sensing and fair management of resources. In this paper, a novel collaborative approach during spectrum sensing process is proposed. It monitors the behavior of sensing nodes and identifies the malicious and misbehaving sensing nodes. The proposed approach measures the node’s sensing reliability using a value called belief level. All the sensing nodes are grouped into a specific number of clusters. In each cluster, a sensing node is selected as a cluster head that is responsible for collecting sensing-reputation reports from different cognitive nodes about each node in the same cluster. The cluster head analyzes information to monitor and judge the nodes’ behavior. By simulating the proposed approach, we showed its importance and its efficiency for achieving better spectrum security by mitigating multiple passive and active attacks.

A Cluster Head Rotating Threshold for Cognitive Radio Network

2010 ◽  
Vol 171-172 ◽  
pp. 211-214
Author(s):  
Gui Sen Xu ◽  
Xue Zhi Tan
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Cognitive Radio Network ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Radio Networks ◽  
Radio Network ◽  
Head Node ◽  
Rotation Energy

Cluster-based topology is an energy-efficient topology control method in cognitive radio networks. The cluster head node depletes energy faster than cluster member node and the rotation of cluster head node is needed to balance the energy consumption for the whole network. Aimed at the problem of unbalanced residual energy of each node caused by cluster heads and cluster members in wireless cognitive radio network, a novel algorithm named cluster head rotating threshold (CHRT) is presented. In the proposed algorithm, rotation energy threshold is estimated using cluster head real-time energy load. The simulation results show that comparing with LEACH and EDAC, CHRT can realize the more network lifetime than the others.

scholarly journals Energy-Efficient Cluster-Based Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in a Multiple Antenna Cognitive Radio Network

2021 ◽  
pp. 176-185
Author(s):  
Samson I. Ojo ◽  
◽  
Zachaeus K. Adeyemo ◽  
Damilare O. Akande ◽  
Ayobami O. Fawole
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Cooperative Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Fusion Rule ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Multiple Antenna ◽  
Secondary Users ◽  
Sensing Time

Spectrum Hole Detection (SHD) is a major operation in a Cognitive Radio (CR) network to identify empty spectrum for maximum utilization. However, SHD is often affected by multipath effects resulting in interference. The existing techniques used to address these problems are faced by poor detection rate, long sensing time and bandwidth inefficiency. Hence, this paper proposes a cluster-based Energy-Efficient Multiple Antenna Cooperative Spectrum Sensing (EEMACSS) for SHD in CR networks using Energy Detector (ED) with a modified combiner. Multiple secondary users are used to carry out local sensing using ED in multiple antenna configurations. The local sensing results are combined at the cluster head using majority fusion rule to determine the sensing results at each cluster. The sensing results from individual cluster are combined to determine the global sensing result using OR fusion rule. The proposed EEMACSS is evaluated using Probability of Detection (PD), Sensing Time (ST) and Spectral Efficiency (SE) by comparing with existing techniques. The results reveal that the proposed technique shows better performance.

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