scholarly journals Quantum Image Steganography Protocol Based on Quantum Image Expansion and Grover Search Algorithm

IEEE Access ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 50849-50857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiguo Qu ◽  
Zhengyan Li ◽  
Gang Xu ◽  
Shengyao Wu ◽  
Xiaojun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Image Steganography ◽  
Quantum Image ◽  
Grover Search ◽  
Quantum Image Steganography ◽  
Grover Search Algorithm ◽  
Image Expansion

scholarly journals Efficient Implementation of PRESENT and GIFT on Quantum Computers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4776
Author(s):  
Kyungbae Jang ◽  
Gyeongju Song ◽  
Hyunjun Kim ◽  
Hyeokdong Kwon ◽  
Hyunji Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Cipher ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Block Ciphers ◽  
Quantum Circuits ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Symmetric Key ◽  
Grover Search ◽  
Target Block ◽  
Symmetric Key Cryptography ◽  
Grover Search Algorithm

Grover search algorithm is the most representative quantum attack method that threatens the security of symmetric key cryptography. If the Grover search algorithm is applied to symmetric key cryptography, the security level of target symmetric key cryptography can be lowered from n-bit to n2-bit. When applying Grover’s search algorithm to the block cipher that is the target of potential quantum attacks, the target block cipher must be implemented as quantum circuits. Starting with the AES block cipher, a number of works have been conducted to optimize and implement target block ciphers into quantum circuits. Recently, many studies have been published to implement lightweight block ciphers as quantum circuits. In this paper, we present optimal quantum circuit designs of symmetric key cryptography, including PRESENT and GIFT block ciphers. The proposed method optimized PRESENT and GIFT block ciphers by minimizing qubits, quantum gates, and circuit depth. We compare proposed PRESENT and GIFT quantum circuits with other results of lightweight block cipher implementations in quantum circuits. Finally, quantum resources of PRESENT and GIFT block ciphers required for the oracle of the Grover search algorithm were estimated.

Entanglement in the Grover search algorithm

2005 ◽  
Vol 345 (4-6) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiyuan Fang ◽  
Dagomir Kaszlikowski ◽  
Chunming Chin ◽  
Ken Tay ◽  
L.C. Kwek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Grover Search ◽  
Grover Search Algorithm

scholarly journals Matrix Coding-Based Quantum Image Steganography Algorithm

IEEE Access ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 35684-35698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiguo Qu ◽  
Zhenwen Cheng ◽  
Xiaojun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Image Steganography ◽  
Quantum Image ◽  
Quantum Image Steganography

scholarly journals Grover on PIPO

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1194
Author(s):  
Kyungbae Jang ◽  
Gyeongju Song ◽  
Hyeokdong Kwon ◽  
Siwoo Uhm ◽  
Hyunji Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Cipher ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Quantum Algorithms ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Quantum Circuits ◽  
Brute Force ◽  
Grover Search ◽  
Quantum Simulator ◽  
Compact Design ◽  
Grover Search Algorithm

The emergence of quantum computers is threatening the security of cryptography through various quantum algorithms. Among them, the Grover search algorithm is known to be efficient in accelerating brute force attacks on block cipher algorithms. To utilize the Grover’s algorithm for brute force attacks, block ciphers must be implemented in quantum circuits. In this paper, we present optimized quantum circuits of the SPN (Substitution Permutation Network) structured lightweight block cipher, namely the PIPO block cipher. In particular, the compact design of quantum circuits for the 8-bit Sbox is investigated. These optimization techniques are used to implement other cryptographic operations as quantum circuits. Finally, we evaluate quantum resources of Grover search algorithm for the PIPO block cipher in ProejctQ, a quantum simulator provided by IBM.

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