Optimized Energy Aware 5G Network Function Virtualization

The ever-increasing complexity of networks and services advocates for the introduction of automation techniques to facilitate the design, the delivery, and the operation of such networks and services. The emergence of both network function virtualization (NFV) and software-defined networks (SDN) enable network flexibility and adaptability which open the door to on-demand services requiring automation. In aim of holding the increasing number of customized services and the evolved capabilities of public networks, the open network automation platform (ONAP), which is in open source, particularly addresses automation techniques while enabling dynamic orchestration, optimal resource allocation capabilities, and end-to-end service lifecycle management. This chapter addresses the key ONAP features that can be used by industrials and operators to automatically manage and orchestrate a wide set of services ranging from elementary network functions (e.g., firewalls) to more complex services (e.g., 5G network slices).

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Intent-Based End-to-End Network Service Orchestration System for Multi-Platforms

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12072782 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 2782 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Adeel Rafiq ◽

Asif Mehmood ◽

Talha Ahmed Khan ◽

Khizar Abbas ◽

Muhammad Afaq ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Error ◽

Human Interaction ◽

Network Function Virtualization ◽

Network Service ◽

Service Orchestration ◽

Network Function ◽

5G Network ◽

Level Information ◽

End To End ◽

High Level

On-demand service is the main feature of the 5G network, and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) provides it by virtualizing the existing 5G network infrastructure. NFV crafts various virtual networks on a shared physical network, but one of the core challenges in future 5G networks is to automate the modeling of Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs) and end-to-end Network Service (NS) orchestration with less human interaction. Traditionally, the descriptor of VNF and NS is created manually, which requires expert-level skills. This manual approach has a big threat of human error, which can be avoided by using the Intent-Based Networking (IBN) approach. The IBN approach eliminates the requirement of expertise for designing VNFs and NS by taking users’ intentions as an input. In this paper, the proposed system presents the Intent Management System for VNF modeling and end-to-end NS orchestration for multi-platforms. This system takes the high-level information related to a specific service, configures it accordingly, and converts it into the selected platform. The proposed system is tested using Mobile Central Office Re-architected as Data Center (M-CORD) and Open-Source Management and Orchestration (OSM) orchestrators. The results section shows that the proposed system reduces the effort of the end-user in creating network slices and provides seamless end-to-end service orchestration.

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Securing Virtual Network Function (VNF) in Telco Cloud

Journal of ICT Standardization ◽

10.13052/jicts2245-800x.834 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Bharathkumar Ravichandran

Keyword(s):

General Purpose ◽

Virtual Network ◽

Network Function Virtualization ◽

Communication Architecture ◽

Network Function ◽

Fifth Generation ◽

Security Challenges ◽

5G Network ◽

Network Functions ◽

Computing Platforms

In the fifth generation mobile communication architecture (5G), network functions which traditionally existed as discrete hardware entities based on custom architectures, are replaced with dynamic, scalable Virtual Network Functions (VNF) that run on general purpose (x86) cloud computing platforms, under the paradigm Network Function Virtualization (NFV). The shift towards a virtualized infrastructure poses its own set of security challenges that need to be addressed. One such challenge that we seek to address in this paper is providing integrity, authenticity and confidentiality protection for VNFs.

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5G: rethink mobile communications for 2020+

Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences ◽

10.1098/rsta.2014.0432 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 374 (2062) ◽

pp. 20140432 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

I. Chih-Lin ◽

Shuangfeng Han ◽

Zhikun Xu ◽

Qi Sun ◽

Zhengang Pan

Keyword(s):

Mobile Communications ◽

Access Network ◽

High Mobility ◽

High Energy ◽

Network Function Virtualization ◽

Traffic Density ◽

Network Function ◽

High Data ◽

5G Network ◽

User Centric

The 5G network is anticipated to meet the challenging requirements of mobile traffic in the 2020s, which are characterized by super high data rate, low latency, high mobility, high energy efficiency and high traffic density. This paper provides an overview of China Mobile’s 5G vision and potential solutions. Three key characteristics of 5G are analysed, i.e. super fast, soft and green. The main 5G R&D themes are further elaborated, which include five fundamental rethinkings of the traditional design methodologies. The 5G network design considerations are also discussed, with cloud radio access network, ultra-dense network, software defined network and network function virtualization examined as key potential solutions towards a green and soft 5G network. The paradigm shift to user-centric network operation from the traditional cell-centric operation is also investigated, where the decoupled downlink and uplink, control and data, and adaptive multiple connections provide sufficient means to achieve a user-centric 5G network with ‘no more cells’. The software defined air interface is investigated under a uniform framework and can adaptively adapt the parameters to well satisfy various requirements in different 5G scenarios.

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Resource Allocation in 4G and 5G Networks: A Review

International Journal of Communication Networks and Information Security (IJCNIS) ◽

10.54039/ijcnis.v13i3.5116 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Lavanya-Nehan Degambur ◽

Avinash Mungur ◽

Sheeba Armoogum ◽

Sameerchand Pudaruth

Keyword(s):

Resource Allocation ◽

Network Architecture ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Network Function Virtualization ◽

Network Architectures ◽

5G Networks ◽

Memory Space ◽

Network Function ◽

5G Network ◽

End To End

The advent of 4G and 5G broadband wireless networks brings several challenges with respect to resource allocation in the networks. In an interconnected network of wireless devices, users, and devices, all compete for scarce resources which further emphasizes the fair and efficient allocation of those resources for the proper functioning of the networks. The purpose of this study is to discover the different factors that are involved in resource allocation in 4G and 5G networks. The methodology used was an empirical study using qualitative techniques by performing literature reviews on the state of art in 4G and 5G networks, analyze their respective architectures and resource allocation mechanisms, discover parameters, criteria and provide recommendations. It was observed that resource allocation is primarily done with radio resource in 4G and 5G networks, owing to their wireless nature, and resource allocation is measured in terms of delay, fairness, packet loss ratio, spectral efficiency, and throughput. Minimal consideration is given to other resources along the end-to-end 4G and 5G network architectures. This paper defines more types of resources, such as electrical energy, processor cycles and memory space, along end-to-end architectures, whose allocation processes need to be emphasized owing to the inclusion of software defined networking and network function virtualization in 5G network architectures. Thus, more criteria, such as electrical energy usage, processor cycle, and memory to evaluate resource allocation have been proposed. Finally, ten recommendations have been made to enhance resource allocation along the whole 5G network architecture.

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Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV)

Future Internet ◽

10.3390/fi12010007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Symeon Papavassiliou

Keyword(s):

Practical Importance ◽

Software Defined Networking ◽

Network Function Virtualization ◽

Original Research ◽

Network Architectures ◽

Network Function ◽

Black Boxes ◽

5G Network ◽

Significant Research

The role of Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) have been instrumental in realizing the transition and vision “from black boxes to a white box towards facilitating 5G network architectures”. Though significant research results and several deployments have occurred and realized over the last few years focusing on the NFV and SDN technologies, several issues—both of theoretical and practical importance—remain still open. Accordingly, the papers of this special issue are significant contributions samples within the general ecosystem highlighted above, ranging from SDN and NFV architectures and implementations, to SDN-NFV integration and orchestration approaches, while considering issues associated with optimization, network management and security aspects. In particular, a total of nine excellent articles (one review and eight original research articles) have been accepted, following a rigorous review process, and addressing many of the aforementioned challenges and beyond.

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PLANNING OF THE STRUCTURE OF 5G TRANSPORT NETWORKS BASED ON SDN/NFV TECHNOLOGIES

Электросвязь ◽

10.34832/elsv.2021.21.8.005 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

А.Ю. ЦЫМ ◽

О.А. БЫЧКОВА

Keyword(s):

Optimal Location ◽

Network Function Virtualization ◽

Software Defined Networks ◽

5G Networks ◽

Transport Networks ◽

Total Load ◽

Network Function ◽

5G Network

Сформулированы основные требования к построению транспортных сетей 5G на основе технологий программно-конфигурируемых сетей SDN/NFV. Приведены положения типовой методики планирования структуры транспортных сетей 5G. Показаны алгоритмы расчета и оптимального расположения контроллеров в структуре сетей 5G, а также определения оптимальных групп коммутаторов, общая нагрузка на которые не превышает максимальную производительность контроллеров сети 5G. The basic requirements for the construction of 5G transport networks based on the technologies of software-defined networks (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV) are formulated. The main provisions of a typical methodology for the planning of the structure of 5G transport networks are presented. Algorithms for calculation and optimal location of controllers in the structure of 5G networks are shown. Algorithms for determining the optimal groups of switches, the total load on whichdoes not exceed the maximumperformance of 5G network controllers, are also discussed.

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A Genetic Algorithm for VNF Provisioning in NFV-Enabled Cloud/MEC RAN Architectures

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app8122614 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 2614 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Lidia Ruiz ◽

Ramón Durán ◽

Ignacio de Miguel ◽

Pouria Khodashenas ◽

Jose-Juan Pedreño-Manresa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Algorithm ◽

Optical Network ◽

Network Capacity ◽

Network Function Virtualization ◽

Learning Stage ◽

Service Chain ◽

Network Function ◽

Radio Access ◽

Active Core ◽

5G Network

5G technologies promise to bring new network and service capacities and are expected to introduce significant architectural and service deployment transformations. The Cloud-Radio Access Networks (C-RAN) architecture, enabled by the combination of Software Defined Networking (SDN), Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) technologies, play a key role in the development of 5G. In this context, this paper addresses the problems of Virtual Network Functions (VNF) provisioning (VNF-placement and service chain allocation) in a 5G network. In order to solve that problem, we propose a genetic algorithm that, considering both computing resources and optical network capacity, minimizes both the service blocking rate and CPU usage. In addition, we present an algorithm extension that adds a learning stage and evaluate the algorithm performance benefits in those scenarios where VNF allocations can be reconfigured. Results reveal and quantify the advantages of reconfiguring the VNF mapping depending on the current demands. Our methods outperform previous proposals in the literature, reducing the service blocking ratio while saving energy by reducing the number of active core CPUs.

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