scholarly journals Energy Efficient Multipath Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad-Hoc Network Using the Fitness Function

IEEE Access ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 10369-10381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aqeel Taha ◽  
Raed Alsaqour ◽  
Mueen Uddin ◽  
Maha Abdelhaq ◽  
Tanzila Saba
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Fitness Function ◽  
Multipath Routing ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc

Adaptive-atom whale optimization algorithm using autonomous mobile ad hoc network for energy-efficient multipath routing

2020 ◽  
pp. 2050052
Author(s):  
Suresh R. Halhalli ◽  
B. N. Jagdale ◽  
Shounak Rushikesh Sugave
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Multipath Routing ◽  
Whale Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Whale Optimization ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) consists of a group of self-operated mobile nodes that form a network without considering predefined infrastructure. In the network, each node poses less energy due to battery-operated sensor nodes. Numerous methods are devised for routing, but each method suffered from the energy constraint. This paper proposes an energy-efficient multipath routing protocol for exploiting different routes between source and destination to mitigate energy constraints. The key idea is to determine the optimal path from a set of paths available between the source and the target node. To improve the security in routing protocol, the factors, like energy, trust, and mobility are considered as major components. Here, the trust is modeled by considering trust factors, like average encounter rate (AER), successful cooperation frequency (SCF), direct trust, integrity factor, and forwarding rate factor. Moreover, secure routing is performed between the nodes using the proposed Adaptive-Atom Whale Optimization algorithm (Adaptive-AWOA). The proposed Adaptive-AWOA) is designed by incorporating the Adaptive concept in the Atom Whale Optimization algorithm (AWOA). The fitness function is newly modeled considering mobility, energy, and trust factors. The proposed Adaptive-AWOA outperformed the other methods with a minimal end-to-end delay of 0.009, maximal throughput of 85.802% and maximal packet delivery ratio (PDR) of 97.391%, respectively.

scholarly journals TBSMR: A Trust-Based Secure Multipath Routing Protocol for Enhancing the QoS of the Mobile Ad Hoc Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mohammad Sirajuddin ◽  
Ch. Rupa ◽  
Celestine Iwendi ◽  
Cresantus Biamba
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Multipath Routing ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Real Time Applications ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a miscellany of versatile nodes that communicate without any fixed physical framework. MANETs gained popularity due to various notable features like dynamic topology, rapid setup, multihop data transmission, and so on. These prominent features make MANETs suitable for many real-time applications like environmental monitoring, disaster management, and covert and combat operations. Moreover, MANETs can also be integrated with emerging technologies like cloud computing, IoT, and machine learning algorithms to achieve the vision of Industry 4.0. All MANET-based sensitive real-time applications require secure and reliable data transmission that must meet the required QoS. In MANET, achieving secure and energy-efficient data transmission is a challenging task. To accomplish such challenging objectives, it is necessary to design a secure routing protocol that enhances the MANET’s QoS. In this paper, we proposed a trust-based multipath routing protocol called TBSMR to enhance the MANET’s overall performance. The main strength of the proposed protocol is that it considers multiple factors like congestion control, packet loss reduction, malicious node detection, and secure data transmission to intensify the MANET’s QoS. The performance of the proposed protocol is analyzed through the simulation in NS2. Our simulation results justify that the proposed routing protocol exhibits superior performance than the existing approaches.

scholarly journals FL-TOHIP (Fractional Lion Algorithm to Topology-Hiding Multipath Routing Protocol) in Mobile ad hoc Network

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul K. Ambekar ◽  
Uttam D. Kolekar
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Optimal Path ◽  
Multipath Routing ◽  
Path Selection ◽  
Lion Algorithm ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Exposure Problem

Abstract Due to the dynamic nature of the mobile ad hoc network (MANET), all the nodes are mobile and generously connected to other nodes without the use of any fixed communications. Because of the random movement of nodes, the network topology is not predicted easily. Therefore, routing is one of the major challenging tasks in MANET. Significantly, the topology-hiding multipath routing protocol (TOHIP) is used to eliminate the topological exposure problem by transmitting the information through disjoint paths from the source to the destination. To select the optimal routing path, we have proposed the fractional lion algorithm to TOHIP (FL-TOHIP). Initially, the routing path is designed in MANET based on the existing TOHIP, which generates the number of disjoint routing paths. Then, the optimal path selection is done by the proposed fractional lion algorithm. To improve the solution searching, the fractional lion algorithm is adapted to the mathematical theory called fractional calculus. Finally, the performance of the proposed protocol is compared to the existing protocol using the delay, energy, and cost.

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