Root-MUSIC-based azimuth-elevation angle-of-arrival estimation with uniformly spaced but arbitrarily oriented velocity hydrophones

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 3250-3260 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.T. Wong ◽  
M.D. Zoltowski
Keyword(s):  
Elevation Angle ◽  
Angle Of Arrival

scholarly journals Mapping ionospheric backscatter measured by the SuperDARN HF radars – Part 2: Assessing SuperDARN virtual height models

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 843-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. Yeoman ◽  
G. Chisham ◽  
L. J. Baddeley ◽  
R. S. Dhillon ◽  
T. J. T. Karhunen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Elevation Angle ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Hf Radar ◽  
Propagation Path ◽  
Angle Of Arrival ◽  
Virtual Height ◽  
F Region ◽  
Propagation Paths

Abstract. The Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) network of HF coherent backscatter radars form a unique global diagnostic of large-scale ionospheric and magnetospheric dynamics in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Currently the ground projections of the HF radar returns are routinely determined by a simple rangefinding algorithm, which takes no account of the prevailing, or indeed the average, HF propagation conditions. This is in spite of the fact that both direct E- and F-region backscatter and 1½-hop E- and F-region backscatter are commonly used in geophysical interpretation of the data. In a companion paper, Chisham et al. (2008) have suggested a new virtual height model for SuperDARN, based on average measured propagation paths. Over shorter propagation paths the existing rangefinding algorithm is adequate, but mapping errors become significant for longer paths where the roundness of the Earth becomes important, and a correct assumption of virtual height becomes more difficult. The SuperDARN radar at Hankasalmi has a propagation path to high power HF ionospheric modification facilities at both Tromsø on a ½-hop path and SPEAR on a 1½-hop path. The SuperDARN radar at Þykkvibǽr has propagation paths to both facilities over 1½-hop paths. These paths provide an opportunity to quantitatively test the available SuperDARN virtual height models. It is also possible to use HF radar backscatter which has been artificially induced by the ionospheric heaters as an accurate calibration point for the Hankasalmi elevation angle of arrival data, providing a range correction algorithm for the SuperDARN radars which directly uses elevation angle. These developments enable the accurate mappings of the SuperDARN electric field measurements which are required for the growing number of multi-instrument studies of the Earth's ionosphere and magnetosphere.

scholarly journals Mapping ionospheric backscatter measured by the SuperDARN HF radars – Part 1: A new empirical virtual height model

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 823-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Chisham ◽  
T. K. Yeoman ◽  
G. J. Sofko
Keyword(s):  
Elevation Angle ◽  
Propagation Path ◽  
Angle Of Arrival ◽  
Velocity Measurements ◽  
Actual Distribution ◽  
Virtual Height ◽  
Radar Network ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Target Locations ◽  
Height Model

Abstract. Accurately mapping the location of ionospheric backscatter targets (density irregularities) identified by the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) HF radars can be a major problem, particularly at far ranges for which the radio propagation paths are longer and more uncertain. Assessing and increasing the accuracy of the mapping of scattering locations is crucial for the measurement of two-dimensional velocity structures on the small and meso-scale, for which overlapping velocity measurements from two radars need to be combined, and for studies in which SuperDARN data are used in conjunction with measurements from other instruments. The co-ordinates of scattering locations are presently estimated using a combination of the measured range and a model virtual height, assuming a straight line virtual propagation path. By studying elevation angle of arrival information of backscatterred signals from 5 years of data (1997–2001) from the Saskatoon SuperDARN radar we have determined the actual distribution of the backscatter target locations in range-virtual height space. This has allowed the derivation of a new empirical virtual height model that allows for a more accurate mapping of the locations of backscatter targets.

ICEBEAR: Recent Results from a Bistatic Coded Continuous-Wave E-region Coherent Scatter Radar

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin Huyghebaert ◽  
Adam Lozinsky ◽  
Glenn Hussey ◽  
Kathryn McWilliams ◽  
Draven Galeschuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Density ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Random Noise ◽  
Azimuthal Angle ◽  
Elevation Angle ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Angle Of Arrival ◽  
Coherent Scatter ◽  
Scatter Radar ◽  
E Region

<p>The Ionospheric Continuous-wave E-region Bistatic Experimental Auroral Radar (ICEBEAR) is located in Canada and has a field of view centered at (58°N, 106°W) overlooking the terrestrial auroral zone.  This 49.5 MHz coherent scatter radar measures plasma density irregularities in the E-region ionosphere using a pseudo random noise phase modulated continuous-wave (CW) signal.  ICEBEAR uses this coded CW signal to obtain simultaneous high temporal (1 s) and spatial (1.5 km) resolutions of E-region plasma density turbulence over a 600 km x 600 km field of view, providing insights into the Farley-Buneman plasma density instability and wave-like structures evident in the coherent scatter.  The initial results from ICEBEAR were obtained with a 1D receiving array, providing azimuthal angle of arrival details of the incoming scattered signal.  This azimuthal determination, along with the range determined using the coded signal, allowed the scatter to be mapped in 2D.  A recent reconfiguration of the receiving array has allowed the elevation angle of the received signal to be calculated, providing 3D determination of the location of the plasma density irregularities.  This presentation will demonstrate the capabilities of ICEBEAR, displaying measurements of highly dynamic plasma density irregularities with wave-like behaviour on 1 second time scales.</p>

scholarly journals The Impact of Antenna Height on 3D-MIMO Channel: a Ray Launching Based Analysis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Hong ◽  
Jiliang Zhang ◽  
Hui Zheng ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Haonan Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Channel Model ◽  
Elevation Angle ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Mimo Channel ◽  
Delay Spread ◽  
Three Dimension ◽  
Angle Of Arrival ◽  
3D Mimo ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ray Launching

Three dimension (3D) Multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) scheme, which exploits another dimension of the spatial resource, is one of the enabling technologies for the next generation mobile communication. As the elevation angle in 3D-MIMO channel model might varies against the height of the base station transmit antenna, it has to be taken into account carefully. In this paper, the impact of antenna height on the channel characteristics of 3D MIMO channel is investigated by using the intelligent ray launching algorithm (IRLA). Three typical street scenarios, i.e., the straight street, the fork road and the cross road, are selected as benchmarks. On the basis of simulations, joint and marginal probability density functions (PDFs) of both the elevation angle of departure (EAoD) and the elevation angle of arrival (EAoA) are obtained. The elevation angle spread (AS) and the delay spread (DS) under various antenna heights are also discussed. Simulation results indicate that the PDFs of EAoD and EAoA vary characteristics under different street scenarios. Moreover, the minimum value of the DS can be achieved when the antenna height is half of the building height.

scholarly journals Elevation angle-of-arrival determination for a standard and a modified superDARN HF radar layout

Radio Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 709-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. McDonald ◽  
James Whittington ◽  
Sebastien de Larquier ◽  
Edhem Custovic ◽  
Thomas A. Kane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevation Angle ◽  
Hf Radar ◽  
Angle Of Arrival

scholarly journals High?Frequency Backscatter Observations at Salisbury, South Australia

1956 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 454 ◽  
Author(s):  
CG McCue
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Elevation Angle ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Angle Of Arrival ◽  
Simultaneous Observation ◽  
Pulse Technique ◽  
Directional Characteristics ◽  
Resultant Increase

An improved pulse technique which permits simultaneous observation of time delay and elevation angle of arrival of ionospheric echoes has enabled recognition of seven different modes of backscatter propagation involving both ionospheric and ground origins. By the use of four transmitting aerials with differing directional characteristics, it is shown that land is a more prominent source of backscatter than sea at low angles of elevation and that extremely large changes in land roughness can be identified by the resultant increase of backscatter echo amplitude.

scholarly journals Predicting Wireless MmWave Massive MIMO Channel Characteristics Using Machine Learning Algorithms

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Bai ◽  
Cheng-Xiang Wang ◽  
Jie Huang ◽  
Qian Xu ◽  
Yuqian Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Elevation Angle ◽  
Azimuth Angle ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Mimo Channel ◽  
Angle Of Arrival ◽  
Millimetre Wave ◽  
Channel Characteristics ◽  
Mean Square Errors

This paper proposes a procedure of predicting channel characteristics based on a well-known machine learning (ML) algorithm and convolutional neural network (CNN), for three-dimensional (3D) millimetre wave (mmWave) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) indoor channels. The channel parameters, such as amplitude, delay, azimuth angle of departure (AAoD), elevation angle of departure (EAoD), azimuth angle of arrival (AAoA), and elevation angle of arrival (EAoA), are generated by a ray tracing software. After the data preprocessing, we can obtain the channel statistical characteristics (including expectations and spreads of the above-mentioned parameters) to train the CNN. The channel statistical characteristics of any subchannels in a specified indoor scenario can be predicted when the location information of the transmitter (Tx) antenna and receiver (Rx) antenna is input into the CNN trained by limited data. The predicted channel statistical characteristics can well fit the real channel statistical characteristics. The probability density functions (PDFs) of error square and root mean square errors (RMSEs) of channel statistical characteristics are also analyzed.

scholarly journals Statistical Characteristics of Measured 3-Dimensional MIMO Channel for Outdoor-to-Indoor Scenario in China and New Zealand

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yawei Yu ◽  
Jianhua Zhang ◽  
Mansoor Shafi ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Jawad Mirza
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Channel Model ◽  
Elevation Angle ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Mimo Channel ◽  
Delay Spread ◽  
Angle Of Arrival ◽  
Power Delay Profile ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Rms Delay Spread

The 3-dimensional (3D) channel model gives a better understanding of statistical characteristics for practical channels than the 2-dimensional (2D) channel model, by taking the elevation domain into consideration. As different organizations and researchers have agreed to a standard 3D channel model, we attempt to measure the 3D channel and determine the parameters of the standard model. In this paper, we present the statistical propagation results of the 3D multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) channel measurement campaign performed in China and New Zealand (NZ). The measurements are done for an outdoor-to-indoor (O2I) urban scenario. The dense indoor terminals at different floors in a building form a typical 3D propagation environment. The key parameters of the channel are estimated from the measured channel impulse response (CIR) using the spatial-alternating generalized expectation-maximization (SAGE) algorithm. Till now there is abundant research performed on the azimuth domain; this paper mainly considers the statistical characteristics of the elevation domain. A statistical analysis of 3D MIMO channel results for both China and NZ measurements is presented for the following parameters: power delay profile (PDP), root mean square (rms), delay spread (DS), elevation angle-of-arrival (EAoA) distribution, elevation angle-of-departure (EAoD) distribution, elevation angular spread (AS), and cross-polarization discrimination (XPD).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document