Neutralization of wafer charging in nitrogen gas

Aqueous solutions of a 1 weight-per cent poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) were degassed under vacuum, transferred to a parallel plate viscometer under a nitrogen gas blanket, and exposed to Co60 gamma radiation. The Co60 source was rated at 4000 curies, and the dose ratewas 3.8x105 rads/hr. The poly (ethylene oxide) employed in the irradiations had an initial viscosity average molecular weight of 2.1 x 106.The solutions were gelled by a free radical reaction with dosages ranging from 5x104 rads to 4.8x106 rads.

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A conduction-cooled stage for high-resolution Cryo-SEM

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100131048 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 1282-1283

Author(s):

John G. Sheehan

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Liquid Nitrogen ◽

Mechanical Stability ◽

Cooling System ◽

Cold Trap ◽

Nitrogen Gas ◽

Particulate Suspensions ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Convection Cooling ◽

Styrene Butadiene

The goal is to examine with high resolution cryo-SEM aqueous particulate suspensions used in coatings for printable paper. A metal-coating chamber for cryo-preparation of such suspensions was described previously. Here, a new conduction-cooling system for the stage and cold-trap in an SEM specimen chamber is described. Its advantages and disadvantages are compared to a convection-cooling system made by Hexland (model CT1000A) and its mechanical stability is demonstrated by examining a sample of styrene-butadiene latex.In recent high resolution cryo-SEM, some stages are cooled by conduction, others by convection. In the latter, heat is convected from the specimen stage by cold nitrogen gas from a liquid-nitrogen cooled evaporative heat exchanger. The advantage is the fast cooling: the Hexland CT1000A cools the stage from ambient temperature to 88 K in about 20 min. However it consumes huge amounts of liquid-nitrogen and nitrogen gas: about 1 ℓ/h of liquid-nitrogen and 400 gm/h of nitrogen gas. Its liquid-nitrogen vessel must be re-filled at least every 40 min.

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Deoxygenate Equipment for Boiler Water by Nitrogen Gas

JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL ◽

10.2524/jtappij.58.661 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 58 (5) ◽

pp. 661-664

Author(s):

Satoru Ura

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Gas ◽

Boiler Water

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Influence of intramolecular interactions on carbon dioxide gas adsorption capacity in Mesoporous Imine polymers

10.26434/chemrxiv.5826435 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Jaya Prakash Madda ◽

Pilli Govindaiah ◽

Sushant Kumar Jena ◽

Sabbhavat Krishna ◽

Rupak Kishor

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Density Functional ◽

Gas Adsorption ◽

Ambient Pressure ◽

Condensation Reaction ◽

Intramolecular Interactions ◽

Carbon Dioxide Adsorption ◽

Nitrogen Gas ◽

Adsorption Characteristic

Covalent organic Imine polymers with intrinsic meso-porosity were synthesized by condensation reaction between 4,4-diamino diphenyl methane and (para/meta/ortho)-phthaladehyde. Even though these polymers were synthesized from precursors of bis-bis covalent link mode, the bulk materials were micrometer size particles with intrinsic mesoporous enables nitrogen as well as carbon dioxide adsorption in the void spaces. These polymers were showed stability up to 260o centigrade. Nitrogen gas adsorption capacity up to 250 cc/g in the ambient pressure was observed with type III adsorption characteristic nature. Carbon dioxide adsorption experiments reveal the possible terminal amine functional group to carbamate with CO2 gas molecule to the polymers. One of the imine polymers, COP-3 showed more carbon dioxide sorption capacity and isosteric heat of adsorption (Qst) than COP-1 and COP-2 at 273 K even though COP-3 had lower porosity for nitrogen gas than COP-1 and COP-2. We explained the trends in gas adsorption capacities and Qst values as a consequence of the intra molecular interactions confirmed by Density Functional Theory computational experiments on small molecular fragments.

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Method for Monitoring Nitrogen Gas Exchange from Plant Foliage

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci1985.0011183x002500020039x ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 359 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. T. Weiland ◽

T. E. Omholt

Keyword(s):

Gas Exchange ◽

Nitrogen Gas ◽

Plant Foliage

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Optimal operations for groundwater denitrification of drinking water using heterotrophic biological denitrification process

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2006.060 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 125-130

Author(s):

C.-H. Hung ◽

K.-H. Tsai ◽

Y.-K. Su ◽

C.-M. Liang ◽

M.-H. Su ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Nitrate Removal ◽

Drinking Water Treatment ◽

Nitrate Content ◽

Source Water ◽

Nitrogen Gas ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Denitrification Process ◽

Heterotrophic Denitrification

Due to the extensive application of artificial nitrogen-based fertilizers on land, groundwater from the central part of Taiwan faces problems of increasing concentrations of nitrate, which were measured to be well above 30 mg/L all year round. For meeting the 10 mg/L nitrate standard, optimal operations for a heterotrophic denitrification pilot plant designed for drinking water treatment was investigated. Ethanol and phosphate were added for bacteria growing on anthracite to convert nitrate to nitrogen gas. Results showed that presence of high dissolved oxygen (around 4 mg/L) in the source water did not have a significantly negative effect on nitrogen removal. When operated under a C/N ratio of 1.88, which was recommended in the literature, nitrate removal efficiency was measured to be around 70%, sometimes up to 90%. However, the reactor often underwent severe clogging problems. When operated under C/N ratio of 1.0, denitrification efficiency decreased significantly to 30%. Finally, when operated under C/N ratio of 1.5, the nitrate content of the influent was almost completely reduced at the first one-third part of the bioreactor with an overall removal efficiency of 89–91%. Another advantage for operating with a C/N ratio of 1.5 is that only one-third of the biosolids was produced compared to a C/N value of 1.88.

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Effect of nitrogen gas pressure and ionization current on deposition of aluminum nitride film by reactive ion plating.

Journal of the Metal Finishing Society of Japan ◽

10.4139/sfj1950.38.228 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

pp. 228-233

Author(s):

Saburou KUWANO ◽

Masahiro SUGIYAMA ◽

Yoshio SHIBUYA ◽

Terunori OOTAKE ◽

Takeo OKI

Keyword(s):

Aluminum Nitride ◽

Gas Pressure ◽

Nitride Film ◽

Nitrogen Gas ◽

Ion Plating ◽

Ionization Current

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Adsorption enhancement of nitrogen gas by atomically heterogeneous nanospace of boron nitride

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/d0ra08437a ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 838-846

Author(s):

Jun Kimura ◽

Takahiro Ohkubo ◽

Yuta Nishina ◽

Koki Urita ◽

Yasushige Kuroda

Keyword(s):

Boron Nitride ◽

Porous Carbon ◽

Carbon Materials ◽

Heterogeneous Surfaces ◽

Nitrogen Gas ◽

Porous Carbon Materials

Porous BN with atomically heterogeneous surfaces can more strongly adsorb dinitrogen molecules than typical porous carbon materials.

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Rational design of photocatalysts for ammonia production from water and nitrogen gas

Nano Convergence ◽

10.1186/s40580-021-00273-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Seokwoo Choe ◽

Sung Min Kim ◽

Yeji Lee ◽

Jin Seok ◽

Jiyong Jung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Source ◽

Rational Design ◽

Future Research ◽

Ammonia Production ◽

Significant Progress ◽

Nitrogen Gas ◽

Research Directions ◽

Effective Strategies ◽

Future Research Directions ◽

Made In

AbstractPhotocatalytic N2 reduction has emerged as one of the most attractive routes to produce NH3 as a useful commodity for chemicals used in industries and as a carbon-free energy source. Recently, significant progress has been made in understanding, exploring, and designing efficient photocatalyst. In this review, we outline the important mechanistic and experimental procedures for photocatalytic NH3 production. In addition, we review effective strategies on development of photocatalysts. Finally, our analyses on the characteristics and modifications of photocatalysts have been summarized, based on which we discuss the possible future research directions, particularly on preparing more efficient catalysts. Overall, this review provides insights on improving photocatalytic NH3 production and designing solar-driven chemical conversions.

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