Fast, all-optical Rayleigh wave microscope: Imaging on isotropic and anisotropic materials

Author(s):  
M. Clark ◽  
S.D. Sharples ◽  
M.G. Somekh
Author(s):  
R. Hegerl ◽  
A. Feltynowski ◽  
B. Grill

Till now correlation functions have been used in electron microscopy for two purposes: a) to find the common origin of two micrographs representing the same object, b) to check the optical parameters e. g. the focus. There is a third possibility of application, if all optical parameters are constant during a series of exposures. In this case all differences between the micrographs can only be caused by different noise distributions and by modifications of the object induced by radiation.Because of the electron noise, a discrete bright field image can be considered as a stochastic series Pm,where i denotes the number of the image and m (m = 1,.., M) the image element. Assuming a stable object, the expectation value of Pm would be Ηm for all images. The electron noise can be introduced by addition of stationary, mutual independent random variables nm with zero expectation and the variance. It is possible to treat the modifications of the object as a noise, too.


1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mattsson ◽  
A. J. Niklasson ◽  
A. Eriksson

1988 ◽  
Vol 49 (C2) ◽  
pp. C2-459-C2-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A.P. TOOLEY ◽  
B. S. WHERRETT ◽  
N. C. CRAFT ◽  
M. R. TAGHIZADEH ◽  
J. F. SNOWDON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
QIANQIAN WANG ◽  
J.Y. ZHU

Mixed office paper (MOP) pulp without deinking with an ash content of 18.1 ± 1.5% was used as raw material to produce nanofiller-paper. The MOP pulp with filler was mechanically fibrillated using a laboratory stone grinder. Scanning electron microscope imaging revealed that the ground filler particles were wrapped by cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), which substantially improved the incorporation of filler into the CNF matrix. Sheets made of this CNF matrix were densified due to improved bonding. Specific tensile strength and modulus of the nanofiller-paper with 60-min grinding reached 48.4 kN·m/kg and 8.1 MN·m/kg, respectively, approximately 250% and 200% of the respective values of the paper made of unground MOP pulp. Mechanical grinding duration did not affect the thermal stability of the nanofiller-paper.


2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baljeet Singh ◽  
Sangeeta Kumari ◽  
Jagdish Singh
Keyword(s):  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document