Fundamental and technological limitations of immersive audio systems

1998 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 941-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kyriakakis
Keyword(s):  
Technological Limitations ◽  
Immersive Audio

scholarly journals Measurements Methods for the Development of MicroRNA-Based Tests for Cancer Diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1176
Author(s):  
Francesca Precazzini ◽  
Simone Detassis ◽  
Andrea Selenito Imperatori ◽  
Michela Alessandra Denti ◽  
Paola Campomenosi
Keyword(s):  
Expression Profiling ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Circulating Micrornas ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Mirna Expression Profiling ◽  
Technological Limitations

Studies investigating microRNAs as potential biomarkers for cancer, immune-related diseases, or cardiac pathogenic diseases, among others, have exponentially increased in the last years. In particular, altered expression of specific miRNAs correlates with the occurrence of several diseases, making these molecules potential molecular tools for non-invasive diagnosis, prognosis, and response to therapy. Nonetheless, microRNAs are not in clinical use yet, due to inconsistencies in the literature regarding the specific miRNAs identified as biomarkers for a specific disease, which in turn can be attributed to several reasons, including lack of assay standardization and reproducibility. Technological limitations in circulating microRNAs measurement have been, to date, the biggest challenge for using these molecules in clinical settings. In this review we will discuss pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical challenges to address the potential technical biases and patient-related parameters that can have an influence and should be improved to translate miRNA biomarkers to the clinical stage. Moreover, we will describe the currently available methods for circulating miRNA expression profiling and measurement, underlining their advantages and potential pitfalls.

scholarly journals Self-healing materials for space applications: overview of present development and major limitations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Pernigoni ◽  
Ugo Lafont ◽  
Antonio Mattia Grande
Keyword(s):  
Orbital Debris ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Technological Evolution ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Space Systems ◽  
Space Applications ◽  
Structural Fatigue ◽  
Operational Life ◽  
Technological Limitations ◽  
Human Exploration

AbstractIn the last decade, self-healing materials have become extremely appealing for the field of space applications, due to their technological evolution and the consequent possibility of designing space systems and structures able to repair autonomously after damage arising from impacts with micrometeoroids and orbital debris, from accidental contact with sharp objects, from structural fatigue or simply due to material aging. The integration of these novel materials in the design of spacecraft structures would result in increased reliability and safety leading to longer operational life and missions. Such concepts will bring a decisive boost enabling new mission scenario for the establishment of new orbital stations, settlement on the Moon and human exploration of Mars.The proposed review aims at presenting the newest and most promising self-healing materials and associated technologies for space application, along with the issues related to their current technological limitations in combination with the effect of the space environment. An introductory part about the outlooks and challenges of space exploration and the self-healing concept is followed by a brief description of the space environment and its possible effects on the performance of materials. Self-healing materials are then analysed in detail, moving from the general intrinsic and extrinsic categories down to the specific mechanisms.

Immersive Audio Schemes

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiteng Huang ◽  
Jingdong Chen ◽  
Jacob Benesty
Keyword(s):  
Immersive Audio

Physical and Technological Limitations of Optical Information Processing and Computing

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 36-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armand R. Tanguay
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Spread Spectrum ◽  
Beam Steering ◽  
Optical Processing ◽  
Robotic Vision ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Simple Processing ◽  
Technological Barriers ◽  
Processing Architectures ◽  
Technological Limitations

Over the past four decades, the growth of information processing and computational capacity has been truly remarkable, paced to a large extent by equally remarkable progress in the integration and ultra-miniaturization of semiconductor devices. And yet it is becoming increasingly apparent that currently envisioned electronic processors and computers are rapidly approaching technological barriers that delimit processing speed, computational sophistication, and throughput per unit dissipated power. This realization has in turn led to intensive efforts to circumvent such bottlenecks through appropriate advances in processor architecture, multiprocessor distributed tasking, and software-defined algorithms.An alternative strategy that may yield significant computational enhancements for certain broad classes of problems involves the utilization of multidimensional optical components capable of modulating and/or redirecting information-carrying light wave-fronts. Such an optical processing or computing approach relies for its competitive advantage principally on massive parallelism in conjunction with relative ease of implementation of complex (weighted) interconnections among many (perhaps simple) processing elements. A wide range of computational problems exist that lend themselves quite naturally to optical processing architectures, including pattern recognition, earth resources data acquisition and analysis, texture discrimination, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image formation, radar ambiguity function generation, spread spectrum identification and analysis, systolic array processing, phased array beam steering, and artificial (robotic) vision.

Control of properties and structure of steel vessels by cooling in various media at the outlet of rolling and pressing lines

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
R. L. Shatalov ◽  
V. A. Medvedev
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Metal Structure ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Industrial Mineral ◽  
Cooling Media ◽  
Technological Limitations ◽  
Non Destructive

When controlling the mechanical properties and structure of vessels made of carbon structural steels manufactured by hot deformation on rolling and pressing lines (PPL) of machine-building enterprises of Russia, such cooling media as water, I20 industrial mineral oil, air are used. The applied cooling media are able to provide the workpieces with a given structure with a wide range of mechanical properties. However, the cooling media have a number of technological limitations and conditions of the use, non-compliance with which leads to reject. When cooled in oil, the probability of ignition is high; when cooled in water, hardening cracks may form, and air is not always able to provide the required rate and uniformity of heat transfer to the environment. The efficiency of control of physical and mechanical properties and structure of deformed vessels made of 50 steel by cooling in TERMAT polymer aqueous solutions in different concentrations on PPL of the plant of JSC NPO Pribor was studied. The effect of varying the concentration from 2 to 9% of TERMAT polymer on the formation of metal structure, as well as physical and mechanical properties of hot-deformed vessels was studied. The results of testing the strength and plastic characteristics of vessels by destructive and non-destructive control methods are presented. According to the results of physical and mechanical properties, regression equations were obtained with at least 95% reliability of R2, which establish the relationship between the controlled plastic and strength parameters of the vessel metal`s properties. The conducted researches allowed to compare the indicators of the main physical and mechanical properties of steel vessels at the PPL outlet and to propose methods of inhomogeneity control that reduce time and material costs by 5–10% during the tests.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Readiness Level of Additively Manufactured Digital Spare Parts: An Industrial Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niklas Kretzschmar ◽  
Sergei Chekurov ◽  
Mika Salmi ◽  
Jukka Tuomi
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Spare Part ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Lead Times ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Readiness Level ◽  
End Use ◽  
Technological Limitations

Additive manufacturing of digital spare parts offers promising new possibilities for companies to drastically shorten lead times and to omit storage costs. However, the concept of digital spare parts has not yet gained much footing in the manufacturing industry. This study aims to identify grounds for its selective rejection. Conducted from a corporate perspective, outlining a holistic supply chain network structure to visualize different digital spare part distribution scenarios, this survey study evaluates technical and economic additive manufacturing capabilities. Results are analyzed and discussed further by applying the Mann-Whitney test to examine the influence of the company size and the presence of 3D-printed end-use components within supply networks on gathered data. Machines’ limited build chamber volumes and the necessity of post-processing are considered as the main technical challenges of current additive manufacturing processes. Furthermore, it can be concluded that company sizes have a significant effect on perceived technological limitations. Overall, the results lead to the conclusion that the readiness level of the digital spare parts concept demands for further development.

Corrosion and Wear Protection through Micro Arc Oxidation Coatings in Aluminum and Its Alloys

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Rama Krishna ◽  
G. Sundararajan
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Basic Mechanism ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Micro Arc Oxidation ◽  
Coating Formation ◽  
Wear And Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Technological Limitations

This article presents the brief overview of fairly recent and eco-friendly micro arc oxidation (MAO) coating technology. The weight-cost-performance benefits in general raised the interest to utilize lightweight materials, especially the aluminum and its alloys. Despite numerous engineering advantages, the aluminum alloys themselves do not possess suitable tribology and corrosion resistance. Therefore, improvements in surface properties are essential to enable developing potential industrial applications. For improving wear and corrosion resistance of Al alloys, the most demanding surface properties are high hardness and chemical inertness. The technical and technological limitations associated with traditional anodizing and hard anodizing processes have been the strongest driving force behind the development of new MAO technology. While presenting the key technological elements associated with the MAO process, the basic mechanism of coating formation and its phase gradient nature is presented. Influence of various process parameters including the electrolyte composition has been discussed. The typical microstructural features and distribution of α- and γ-Al2O3 phases across the coating thickness as a key strategy to form dense coatings with required mechanical, tribological, and corrosion properties which are vital to meet potential application demands are briefly illustrated.

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