High-frequency forward scatter from Arctic ice: temporal response

1992 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.T. McDaniel
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Temporal Response ◽  
Forward Scatter ◽  
Arctic Ice

A Disturbing Factor in Very High Frequency Communications Via Ionospheric Forward Scatter

Nature ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 178 (4545) ◽  
pp. 1280-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. CROW ◽  
F. A. KITCHEN ◽  
G. A. ISTED ◽  
G. MILLINGTON
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Disturbing Factor ◽  
Forward Scatter ◽  
Very High

scholarly journals Forward scatter at a model of the Arctic ice canopy

1986 ◽  
Vol 80 (S1) ◽  
pp. S114-S115
Author(s):  
Patrick L. Denny ◽  
Kevin R. Johnson ◽  
Ken J. Reitzel ◽  
Herman Medwin
Keyword(s):  
The Arctic ◽  
Forward Scatter ◽  
Arctic Ice

High‐frequency forward scatter and propagation experiments in the Delaware Bay

1998 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 1748-1748
Author(s):  
Wenkai Qin ◽  
Mohsen Badiey ◽  
Randy Zagar ◽  
Jeff Simmen
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Delaware Bay ◽  
Forward Scatter

scholarly journals Clutter Distribution Analysis of A Tropical Foliage Clutter for Different Profiles Based on FSR Micro-Sensor Network

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.7) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Nur Alia Zulkifli ◽  
N E. Abd Rashid ◽  
Z I. Khan ◽  
N N. Ismail ◽  
R S. A. Raja Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Free Space ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Forward Scatter ◽  
Micro Sensor ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Very High

Comparison of four different clutter profiles (border, seaside, free space and forest) using Forward Scatter Radar (FSR), which operates in Ultra-High and Very High Frequency (UHF and VHF) bands, is analyzed in this paper. Clutter levels ranging from low, medium, strong and very strong on each profile were studied. Based on the standard deviation of each clutter profile, border suits the best profile as the strongest clutter profile amidst seaside and free space, while the forest is determined as the lowest clutter profile. Subsequently, the characteristics of the clutter are investigated and compared based on the five distribution models (Log-Normal, Log-Logistic, Gamma, Weibull and Nakagami).  The parameters of the five distributions are evaluated using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) in order to prove that the distribution model fits best to the clutter data. It can be concluded that Gamma distribution is the best distribution model for all cases of frequency bands and profiles.  

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS FOR TERENGGANU FORWARD SCATTER RADAR SEASIDE CLUTTER

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (5-7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Najwa Ismail ◽  
Nur Emileen Abd Rashid ◽  
Zuhani Ismail Khan
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Weibull Distribution ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Logistic Distribution ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Forward Scatter ◽  
Scatter Radar

The statistical analysis for Terengganu, Malaysia seaside clutter is presented in this paper. The measured clutter data were collected using a prototype of forward scatter radar (FSR) micro-sensor network with very high frequency (VHF) and ultra-high frequency (UHF) bands. Four categories of clutter strength were recorded during the measurements, which are low, medium, strong and very strong clutter. The classes were divided according to the wind speed occurred during the measurements period. The analysis is to determine the best-fit distribution model for the measured clutter data. Four types of distribution models are used in this analysis, which are Weibull, Gamma, Log-Logistic and Log-Normal distribution. One of the goodness of fit (GOF) tests called root mean square error (RMSE) is used to prove which distribution is a better fit to the probability distribution of the measured clutter data. The obtained results show that for 64 MHz with all clutter level strength, Weibull distribution provides better fit and records the lowest RMSE. Weibull distribution also fits best to the clutter data for low clutter of 151 MHz. However, for the rest of clutter level strength for 151 MHz, Gamma distribution is the best-fitted model with lowest RMSE values. Log-Logistic distribution proves to be the best fitted model to all clutter level strength of clutter data for 434 MHz with smallest RMSE values.

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