Developing reusable modeling capabilities for simulating high volume electronics manufacturing systems

Author(s):  
P.A. Farrington ◽  
J.J. Swain ◽  
J.L. Evans ◽  
J.S. Rogers
Author(s):  
Mingtao Wu ◽  
Young B. Moon

Abstract Cyber-physical manufacturing system is the vision of future manufacturing systems where physical components are fully integrated through various networks and the Internet. The integration enables the access to computation resources that can improve efficiency, sustainability and cost-effectiveness. However, its openness and connectivity also enlarge the attack surface for cyber-attacks and cyber-physical attacks. A critical challenge in defending those attacks is that current intrusion detection methods cannot timely detect cyber-physical attacks. Studies showed that the physical detection provides a higher accuracy and a shorter respond time compared to network-based or host-based intrusion detection systems. Moreover, alert correlation and management methods help reducing the number of alerts and identifying the root cause of the attack. In this paper, the intrusion detection research relevant to cyber-physical manufacturing security is reviewed. The physical detection methods — using side-channel data, including acoustic, image, acceleration, and power consumption data to disclose attacks during the manufacturing process — are analyzed. Finally, the alert correlation methods — that manage the high volume of alerts generated from intrusion detection systems via logical relationships to reduce the data redundancy and false alarms — are reviewed. The study show that the cyber-physical attacks are existing and rising concerns in industry. Also, the increasing efforts in cyber-physical intrusion detection and correlation research can be utilized to secure the future manufacturing systems.


Complex and expensive mass production assembly lines have been in existence for a long time in, for instance, the car and consumer durable industries. High volume automatic metal cutting and forming machines have been developed to feed these lines with fasteners and other parts. All these have been dedicated systems; in some cases it is impracticable to adapt these production lines for a different product and even where this is possible they are inflexible, in the sense that it requires a relatively long time to reset the machines. Long runs were therefore necessary for economic production. The advent of the numerically controlled cutting and forming machines over the last 25 years followed by c. n. c. equipment with tool changing facilities, and more recently by groups of such machines loaded and unloaded automatically under computer control, called flexible manufacturing systems, have added a new dimension of flexibility in manufacture, which enables production of relatively small batches to be made economically. The next, much more difficult, step of constructing flexible automatic assembly systems is still in its infancy. The development of computers, and particularly of the microprocessor, have also revolutionized design and production control. The paper sets out the background to these changes, gives some account of their present state of development and the commercial advantages stemming from them through reduced cost and increased speed of response to market requirements.


2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 1171-1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge F. Valenzuela ◽  
Jeffrey S. Smith ◽  
John L. Evans

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