Augmenting the operator function model with cognitive operations: assessing the cognitive demands of technological innovation in ship navigation

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Lee ◽  
T.F. Sanquist
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Operator Function ◽  
Function Model ◽  
Cognitive Demands ◽  
Cognitive Operations ◽  
Ship Navigation

Development of informational adequacy in speech and writing

1989 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L. Rubin ◽  
Lee Galda ◽  
Anthony D. Pellegrini
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Written Communication ◽  
Cognitive Demands ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Grade Levels ◽  
Cognitive Operations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Audience Adaptation

ABSTRACTTheory and research pertaining to relationships between oral and written communication offer support to seemingly contrary hypotheses regarding the development of informational adequacy in speech and in writing. Because the social cognitive demands of face-to-face interaction are less complex than those of prototypical written communication, younger children might be expected to display greater audience adaptation in speech. On the other hand, the process of encoding in writing facilitates certain cognitive operations, and, therefore, children might be expected to communicate more effectively in writing. Empirical studies warranting conflicting conclusions, however, have administered tasks that tap different communication functions, either explanatory or referential. The present study replicates and extends this previous research by administering referential and explanatory communication tasks in both speech and writing to children at three grade levels. In addition, an independent measure of social cognitive ability was administered. Results confirmed increasing differentiation with age between speech and writing, with fifth graders displaying greater informational adequacy in writing. Children's performance in written communication, rather than speech, revealed a dependency on social cognitive ability. Differences between referential and explanatory communication suggested by previous research were confirmed.

Operator Models for Supervisory Control Systems

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 291-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia M. Jones ◽  
Christine M. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Problem Behavior ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Supervisory Control ◽  
Operator Function ◽  
Human Operator ◽  
Verbal Protocols ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Function Model ◽  
Control Applications ◽  
Decision Ladder

This paper presents a conceptual discussion of four human operator models that are potentially useful for supervisory control applications: the operator function model (Mitchell, 1987), the problem behavior graph (Newell and Simon, 1972), the decision ladder (Rasmussen, 1986), and goal-means network (Woods and Hollnagel, 1987). These models are characterized along the dimensions proposed by Jones and Mitchell (1987) and are further examined in-depth with the use of verbal protocols collected concurrently with the performance of a supervisory control task.

Evaluating the Accuracy of a Large-Vocabulary Speech Recognition System

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 296-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman R. Brown ◽  
Ann Marie Vosburgh
Keyword(s):  
Supervisory Control ◽  
Operator Function ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Speech Recognition System ◽  
Verbal Protocols ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Function Model ◽  
Control Applications ◽  
Large Vocabulary Speech Recognition ◽  
Decision Ladder

This paper presents a conceptual discussion of four human operator models that are potentially useful for supervisory control applications: the operator function model (Mitchell, 1987), the problem behavior graph (Newell and Simon, 1972), the decision ladder (Rasmussen, 1986), and goal-means network (Woods and Hollnagel, 1987). These models are characterized along the dimensions proposed by Jones and Mitchell (1987) and are further examined in-depth with the use of verbal protocols collected concurrently with the performance of a supervisory control task.

Cognitive Guidelines for Computer-Aided Instruction: A Navigational Case Study

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 642-646
Author(s):  
Marc M. Sebrechts
Keyword(s):  
Human Memory ◽  
Internal Models ◽  
Computer Aided Instruction ◽  
Cognitive Demands ◽  
Computer Tools ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Ship Navigation

In order to realize the full benefits of computer aided instruction, the computer tools must reflect the cognitive demands of the user. In particular, computer-aided instruction must be sensitive to restrictions on human memory and attention, and it must facilitate the development of internal models of the relevant target domains. To this end, we have developed a set of preliminary guidelines which have been used in the development of computerized aids for training people to use a maneuvering board for ship navigation.

scholarly journals Oscillatory Coupling Reveals the Dynamic Reorganization of Large-scale Neural Networks as Cognitive Demands Change

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. G. Reinhart ◽  
Geoffrey F. Woodman
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Single Trial ◽  
Cognitive Demands ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
Dynamic Activity ◽  
Cognitive Operations ◽  
Coupled Networks ◽  
Distinct Frequency ◽  
Oscillatory Coupling

Cognitive operations are thought to emerge from dynamic interactions between spatially distinct brain areas. Synchronization of oscillations has been proposed to regulate these interactions, but we do not know whether this large-scale synchronization can respond rapidly to changing cognitive demands. Here we show that, as task demands change during a trial, multiple distinct networks are dynamically formed and reformed via oscillatory synchronization. Distinct frequency-coupled networks were rapidly formed to process reward value, maintain information in visual working memory, and deploy visual attention. Strong single-trial correlations showed that networks formed even before the presentation of imperative stimuli could predict the strength of subsequent networks, as well as the speed and accuracy of behavioral responses seconds later. These frequency-coupled networks better predicted single-trial behavior than either local oscillations or ERPs. Our findings demonstrate the rapid reorganization of networks formed by dynamic activity in response to changing task demands within a trial.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document