High efficiency, high-energy performance of an X-ray preionized Ar-Xe laser

1990 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1647-1652 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.E. Tucker ◽  
B.L. Wexler
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Monte Carlo Modeling and Design of Photon Energy Attenuation Layers for >10× Quantum Yield Enhancement in Si-Based Hard X-ray Detectors

Instruments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Eldred Lee ◽  
Kaitlin M. Anagnost ◽  
Zhehui Wang ◽  
Michael R. James ◽  
Eric R. Fossum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Photon Energy ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Yield Enhancement ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies

High-energy (>20 keV) X-ray photon detection at high quantum yield, high spatial resolution, and short response time has long been an important area of study in physics. Scintillation is a prevalent method but limited in various ways. Directly detecting high-energy X-ray photons has been a challenge to this day, mainly due to low photon-to-photoelectron conversion efficiencies. Commercially available state-of-the-art Si direct detection products such as the Si charge-coupled device (CCD) are inefficient for >10 keV photons. Here, we present Monte Carlo simulation results and analyses to introduce a highly effective yet simple high-energy X-ray detection concept with significantly enhanced photon-to-electron conversion efficiencies composed of two layers: a top high-Z photon energy attenuation layer (PAL) and a bottom Si detector. We use the principle of photon energy down conversion, where high-energy X-ray photon energies are attenuated down to ≤10 keV via inelastic scattering suitable for efficient photoelectric absorption by Si. Our Monte Carlo simulation results demonstrate that a 10–30× increase in quantum yield can be achieved using PbTe PAL on Si, potentially advancing high-resolution, high-efficiency X-ray detection using PAL-enhanced Si CMOS image sensors.

scholarly journals Combination of Dual-Energy X-ray Transmission and Variable Gas-Ejection for the In-Line Automatic Sorting of Many Types of Scrap in One Measurement

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4349
Author(s):  
Tianzhong Xiong ◽  
Wenhua Ye ◽  
Xiang Xu
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Center Of Gravity ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Identification Accuracy ◽  
Flow Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Automatic Sorting

As an important part of pretreatment before recycling, sorting has a great impact on the quality, efficiency, cost and difficulty of recycling. In this paper, dual-energy X-ray transmission (DE-XRT) combined with variable gas-ejection is used to improve the quality and efficiency of in-line automatic sorting of waste non-ferrous metals. A method was proposed to judge the sorting ability, identify the types, and calculate the mass and center-of-gravity coordinates according to the shading of low-energy, the line scan direction coordinate and transparency natural logarithm ratio of low energy to high energy (R_value). The material identification was satisfied by the nearest neighbor algorithm of effective points in the material range to the R_value calibration surface. The flow-process of identification was also presented. Based on the thickness of the calibration surface, the material mass and center-of-gravity coordinates were calculated. The feasibility of controlling material falling points by variable gas-ejection was analyzed. The experimental verification of self-made materials showed that identification accuracy by count basis was 85%, mass and center-of-gravity coordinates calculation errors were both below 5%. The method proposed features high accuracy, high efficiency, and low operation cost and is of great application value even to other solid waste sorting, such as plastics, glass and ceramics.

scholarly journals On optimization of flow passages of impellers of centrifugal pumps

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-318
Author(s):  
A. V. Volkov ◽  
A. G. Parygin ◽  
A. A. Vikhlyantsev ◽  
A. A. Druzhinin
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Modular Design ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Experiment Planning ◽  
Centrifugal Pumps ◽  
Hydraulic Machines ◽  
Specific Speed ◽  
Conventional Solution ◽  
Turbine Mode

The conventional solution for HAPPs is the use of reversible hydraulic machines operating both in the pump mode as well as in the turbine mode. At the same time, for example, a blade system of a hydraulic machine designed for the pumping mode has a high efficiency. However, in the turbine mode, the energy characteristics of such machine are far from optimal. Considering different patterns of micro- and mini-HAPPs (up to 100 kW) of modular design, it is most appropriate to use a pump and a turbine separately, since the efficiency of hydraulic machines is very important in the case of such low power. To date, approaches to the design of hydraulic turbines are quite developed and allow to achieve high energy performance [1, 2]. According to different data sources the level of axial turbine efficiency with power less than 100 kW is about 80÷91%. At the same time, for centrifugal pumps, especially those of low specific speed, the problem of increasing energy efficiency is very urgent. E.g., for pumps with a specific speed ns< 80 the efficiency level is usually 40 to 65%. The aim of the presented research is the development of methods of synthesis and optimization of the flow passages of centrifugal pumps using the approaches of the theory of optimal control and increasing energy performance of hydraulic machines. Various ways of local correction of geometry of flow passages are presented in the paper. As an alternative to empirical approaches, methods based on the control of the circulation distribution are considered in detail. Various mathematical dependences of the flow circulation on the coordinate of the point lying on the surface of the blade are analyzed. Possibilities of application of the theory of experiment planning in relation to the problems to be solved are considered.

High-energy performance of x-ray imaging spectrometers on board Astro-E

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kensuke Imanishi ◽  
Hisamitsu Awaki ◽  
Takeshi G. Tsuru ◽  
Kenji Hamaguchi ◽  
Hiroshi Murakami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging

scholarly journals Analysis of a modular high efficiency Polygeneration System in a Science and Technological Park

2014 ◽  
Vol 07 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
High Efficient ◽  
Polygeneration System

Polygeneration systems refers to highly efficiency integrated systems characterized by the simultaneously production of different services (electricity, heating, cooling, water, etc) by means of several technologies using fossil and/or renewable energy sources. In many cases it is difficult to promote polygeneration projects due to its complexity. This complexity mainly comes from the high energy integration of the technologies involved in polygeneration plants and the high variability in the energy demand in many applications in the building sector that makes the design and optimal operation of these systems quite complex. The result is that without a very careful design and operation of these plants the economic viability is in many cases not clear. In this paper is presented an economic, energetic and environmental analysis of a polygeneration system in Cerdanyola del Vallès (Spain) built in the framework of the Polycity project of the European Concerto Program. This polygeneration system comprises three high efficient natural gas cogeneration engines with a total power capacity of about 10 MW with advanced thermal cooling facilities including a single effect hot water driven chiller and a double effect chiller of 5 MW driven directly by the exhaust gases of the engines. This plant provides electricity, heating and cooling to a new Science and Technological Park in development including a Synchrotron Light Facility through a district heating and cooling network with a total length of more than 30 km. The operational data for the energy performance analysis was taken using the plant SCADA system and a monitoring system specific for the cooling units in order to study in detail its performance. The results show that the polygeneration plant is an efficient way to reduce the primary energy consumption and CO2 emissions although it is not yet at its full capacity

Synchrotron Radiation X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis with a Crystal Spectrometer

1991 ◽  
Vol 35 (B) ◽  
pp. 1027-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazutaka Ohashi ◽  
Mamoru Takahashl ◽  
Yohichi Gohshi ◽  
Atsuo Iida ◽  
Shunji Eishimoto
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
High Energy Resolution ◽  
Present System ◽  
High Brightness ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Position Sensitive

AbstractA wavelength dispersive spectrometer which consists of a flat crystal analyser and a position sensitive proportional counter has been developed for X-ray fluorescence analysis using synchrotron radiation. The advantages of this spectrometer are high energy resolution, multielemental nature, and high efficiency, and these match well "with the high brightness synchrotron X-ray source. The minimum detection limits are of the order of ppm or pg. An application to elemental mapping has also been demonstrated. The present system is useful for practical analysis of small samples or small regions.

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