A rigorous analysis of a shielded microstrip asymmetric step discontinuity

Jane Austen is acknowledged for the application of realism and satire in her novels. This paper focuses on the analysis of realism and satire in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice; however, her entire oeuvre spotlights the features (of satire and realism) alongside robust feminism: typical of her literary taste and temperament, not necessarily of the Romantic Age which she lived in. Rigorous analysis and realistic observation reveals that the employment of realism and satire in Pride and Prejudice, are quite obvious, in all sorts of aspects including narrative, settings, themes and characters. Analysis of the novel under study leads to the observation that satire and realism go hand in hand in the said novel—intermittently—and thoughtfully. Conclusively, it is observed that Jane Austen’s literary life had a tremendous influence on how to subsume realism (primarily through matrimonies) of age and satire on a romantic society (whereby ideals collapse headlong), in Pride and Prejudice.

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General Takaful claims: An experience of Takaful operator in Malaysia

Journal of Emerging Economies and Islamic Research ◽

10.24191/jeeir.v5i4.8833 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 18

Author(s):

Amirul Afif Muhamat ◽

Mohamad Nizam Jaafar ◽

Sharifah Faigah Syed Alwi

Keyword(s):

Life Insurance ◽

Islamic Finance ◽

Rigorous Analysis ◽

Finance Industry ◽

General Insurance ◽

Bright Side ◽

Main Components ◽

Islamic Insurance ◽

Gathering Data ◽

Observation Period

Takaful is interchangeably referred as Islamic insurance. In Malaysia, the takaful sector is part of the main components for Islamic finance industry. The business can be divided into two: general and family takaful. To ease understanding on this niche sector; general takaful is comparable to general insurance while family takaful is akin to life insurance with special reference needs to be given on the requirement of the business to adhere to the Islamic precepts. The main business in general takaful is motor takaful and this line of business is faced with high takaful claims. This study appraised the factors which affect the general takaful claims based on the experience of one takaful operator in Malaysia (the name of takaful operator is not disclosed due to confidentiality). The factors are: number of claims; fraud; and coverage for protection. The limitation of this study is that the observation period is only 10 years which limits rigorous analysis to be done. Nevertheless, previous studies in this area depict the same limitation – constraint in gathering data that has long observation period. On the bright side, the data in this study is still capable to produce meaningful results to be referred with regards to this issue – general takaful claims.

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El Prestige: comparativa de los regímenes internacionales de responsabilidad civil

Studies of Applied Economics ◽

10.25115/eea.v37i3.2771 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 31

Author(s):

Raquel Fernández González ◽

Marcos Íñigo Pérez Pérez

Keyword(s):

Institutional Economics ◽

Geographical Area ◽

New Institutional Economics ◽

Rigorous Analysis ◽

Judicial Process ◽

Main Research ◽

Civil Responsibility ◽

The One ◽

High Degree ◽

The Prestige

The return of institutions to the main research agenda has highlighted the importance of rules in economic analysis. The New Institutional Economics has allowed a better understanding of the case studies that concern different areas of knowledge, also the one concerning the management of natural resources. In this article, the institutional analysis focuses on the maritime domain, where two large civil liability regimes for pollution coexist (OPA 90-IMO), each in a different geographical area (United States - Europe). Therefore, a comparative analysis is made between the two large regimes of civil responsibility assignment applying them to the Prestige catastrophe. In this way, the allocation and distribution of responsibilities in the investigation and subsequent judicial process of the Prestige is compared with an alternative scenario in which the applicable compensation instruments are governed by the provisions of the Oil Polution Act of 1990 (OPA 90), in order to establish a rigorous analysis on the effects that the different norms can have in the same scenario. In the comparative established in the case of the Prestige, where the responsibilities were solved very slowly in a judicial process with high transaction costs, the application of rules governed by the OPA 90 would not count with such a high degree of imperfection. This is so, since by applying the preponderance of the evidence existing in OPA 90 there would be no mitigation for the presumed culprits. On the other hand, the agents involved in the sinking would not be limited only to the owner, but also that operators or shipowners would be responsible as well. In addition, the amount of compensation would increase when counting in the damage count the personal damages, the taxes without perceiving and the ecological damage caused in a broad sense, damages not computable in the IMO.

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