A probabilistic approach to the single-point, single-dose problem

1990 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.L. Briggs ◽  
R.W. Phelps ◽  
G.D. Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Probabilistic Approach

Single-dose single-point method in amitriptyline therapy

1984 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 574-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudhakar Madakasira ◽  
Prabhaker G. Khazanie ◽  
Takao L. Sato
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Point Method

Reliability Based Design Optimization Considering Future Redesign With Different Epistemic Uncertainty Treatments

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taiki Matsumura ◽  
Raphael T. Haftka ◽  
Bhavani V. Sankar
Keyword(s):  
Design Optimization ◽  
Epistemic Uncertainty ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Probability Of Failure ◽  
Aleatory Uncertainty ◽  
Engineering Systems ◽  
Reliability Based Design Optimization ◽  
Reliability Based Design ◽  
Analysis Models

The design of engineering systems is often based on analysis models with substantial errors in predicting failures, that is epistemic uncertainty. The epistemic uncertainty is reduced by post design tests, and the safety of unsafe designs restored by redesign. When this process of design, test and redesign is to be based on probabilistic analysis, there is some controversy on whether uncertainty associated with variability (aleatory uncertainty) should be treated differently than the epistemic uncertainty. In this paper we compare several approaches to design and redesign and treatments of the epistemic uncertainties. These include safety factors, probabilistic approach disregarding redesign and regarding redesign, treating epistemic uncertainty and aleatory uncertainty the same, and more conservative treatment of the epistemic uncertainty. We demonstrate that the proposed approach can allow tradeoff of system performance against development cost (probability of redesign), while a standard reliability based design optimization, which does not take into account future redesign, provides only a single point on the tradeoff curve. We also show that the tradeoff can be achieved even with the traditional safety factor approach, without any probabilistic optimization. Furthermore, we investigate different treatments of epistemic error for probability of failure calculation. We find that it is possible to design to the 95th percentile of the probability of failure with modest mass penalty compared to treating epistemic and aleatory uncertainty alike.

The Response of Testes Cells to Low Level, Single dose Helium Particle Irradiation

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 252-253
Author(s):  
D.E. Philpott ◽  
W. Sapp ◽  
C. Williams ◽  
J. Stevenson ◽  
S. Black ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Survival ◽  
Spermatogonial Stem Cell ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Particle Irradiation ◽  
Stem Cell Survival ◽  
Irradiation Injury ◽  
Radio Sensitivity

Spermatogonial stem-cell survival after irradiation injury has been studied in rodents by histological counts of surviving cells. Many studies, including previous work from our laboratory, show that the spermatogonial population demonstrates a heterogeneous response to irradiation. The spermatogonia increase in radio-sensitivity as differentiation proceeds through the sequence As - Apr - A1 - A2 - A3 - A4 - In - B. The stem (As) cell is the most resistant and the B cell is the most sensitive. The purpose of this work is to investigate the response of spermatogonial cell to low doses (less than 10 0 rads) of helium particle irradiation.

Gastric Ulcers Produced by Cisplatin

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 582-583
Author(s):  
S.K. Aggarwal ◽  
J. San Antonio
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Antitumor Agent ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Enzyme Cytochemistry ◽  
Intestinal Toxicity ◽  
Ovarian Cancers ◽  
Inner Surface

Cisplatin (cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II)) a potent antitumor agent is now available for the treatment of testicular and ovarian cancers. It is however, not free from its serious side effects including nephrotoxicity, gastro intestinal toxicity, myelosuppression, and ototoxicity. Here we now report that the drug produces peculiar bloating of the stomach in rats and induces acute ulceration.Wistar-derived rats weighing 200-250 g were administered cisplatin(9 mg/kg) ip as a single dose in 0.15 M NaCl. After 3 days the animals were sacrificed by decapitation. The stomachs were removed, the contents analyzed for pepsin and acidity. The inner surface was examined with a dissecting microscope after a moderate stretching for ulcers. Affected areas were fixed and processed for routine electron microscopy and enzyme cytochemistry.The drug treated animals kept on food and water consistently showed bloating and lesions (Fig. 1) with a frequency of 6-70 ulcers in the rumen section of the stomachs.

A Single Dose of Adjuvant H1N1 Vaccine May Be OK

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
HEIDI SPLETE
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
H1n1 Vaccine
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