Describing head shape with surface harmonic expansions

C. Purcell; T. Mashiko; K. Odaka; K. Ueno

doi:10.1109/10.133214

Detection and mapping of interactions between chromatin and the nuclear envelope in drosophila embryos

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100140191 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 764-765

Author(s):

W.F. Marshall ◽

A.F. Dernburg ◽

B. Harmon ◽

J.W. Sedat

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Envelope ◽

Chromatin Condensation ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Physiological Role ◽

Nuclear Surface ◽

Intact Cells ◽

Molecular Determinants ◽

Surface Harmonic ◽

Drosophila Embryos

Interactions between chromatin and nuclear envelope (NE) have been implicated in chromatin condensation, gene regulation, nuclear reassembly, and organization of chromosomes within the nucleus. To further investigate the physiological role played by such interactions, it will be necessary to determine which loci specifically interact with the nuclear envelope. This will not only facilitate identification of the molecular determinants of this interaction, but will also allow manipulation of the pattern of chromatin-NE interactions to probe possible functions. We have developed a microscopic approach to detect and map chromatin-NE interactions inside intact cells.Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is used to localize specific chromosomal regions within the nucleus of Drosophila embryos and anti-lamin immunofluorescence is used to detect the nuclear envelope. Widefield deconvolution microscopy is then used to obtain a three-dimensional image of the sample (Fig. 1). The nuclear surface is represented by a surface-harmonic expansion (Fig 2). A statistical test for association of the FISH spot with the surface is then performed.

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Differences in head shape of the European eel, Anguilla anguilla (L.)

Fisheries Management and Ecology ◽

10.1046/j.1365-2400.2000.00207.x ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 349

Author(s):

J. M. Proman

Keyword(s):

Anguilla Anguilla ◽

European Eel ◽

Head Shape

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3D-Measuring for Head Shape Covering Hair

IEEJ Transactions on Electronics Information and Systems ◽

10.1541/ieejeiss.131.2082 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 131 (12) ◽

pp. 2082-2088 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tsukasa Kato ◽

Koosuke Hattori ◽

Takuya Nomura ◽

Ryo Taguchi ◽

Masahiro Hoguro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Head Shape

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Variation in pleiotropic hub gene expression is associated with interspecific differences in head shape and eye size in Drosophila

Molecular Biology and Evolution ◽

10.1093/molbev/msaa335 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Elisa Buchberger ◽

Anıl Bilen ◽

Sanem Ayaz ◽

David Salamanca ◽

Cristina Matas de las Heras ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Variation ◽

Compound Eye ◽

Genetic Manipulation ◽

Morphological Evolution ◽

Morphological Diversity ◽

Network Evolution ◽

Head Shape ◽

Eye Size ◽

Recurrent Mutations ◽

Repeated Evolution

Abstract Revealing the mechanisms underlying the breath-taking morphological diversity observed in nature is a major challenge in Biology. It has been established that recurrent mutations in hotspot genes cause the repeated evolution of morphological traits, such as body pigmentation or the gain and loss of structures. To date, however, it remains elusive whether hotspot genes contribute to natural variation in the size and shape of organs. Since natural variation in head morphology is pervasive in Drosophila, we studied the molecular and developmental basis of differences in compound eye size and head shape in two closely related Drosophila species. We show differences in the progression of retinal differentiation between species and we applied comparative transcriptomics and chromatin accessibility data to identify the GATA transcription factor Pannier (Pnr) as central factor associated with these differences. Although the genetic manipulation of Pnr affected multiple aspects of dorsal head development, the effect of natural variation is restricted to a subset of the phenotypic space. We present data suggesting that this developmental constraint is caused by the co-evolution of expression of pnr and its co-factor u-shaped (ush). We propose that natural variation in expression or function of highly connected developmental regulators with pleiotropic functions is a major driver for morphological evolution and we discuss implications on gene regulatory network evolution. In comparison to previous findings, our data strongly suggests that evolutionary hotspots are not the only contributors to the repeated evolution of eye size and head shape in Drosophila.

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Deformational plagiocephaly: a follow-up of head shape, parental concern and neurodevelopment at ages 3 and 4 years

Archives of Disease in Childhood ◽

10.1136/adc.2010.190934 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 96 (1) ◽

pp. 85-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

B. L. Hutchison ◽

A. W. Stewart ◽

E. A. Mitchell

Keyword(s):

Head Shape ◽

Deformational Plagiocephaly ◽

Parental Concern

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Radiographic Measurements of the Affected and Unaffected Feet in Patients with Unilateral Hallux Limitus

Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association ◽

10.7547/14-137 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 106 (3) ◽

pp. 172-181

Author(s):

Andrew F. Knox ◽

Alan R. Bryant

Keyword(s):

Metatarsal Head ◽

Radiographic Evaluation ◽

Head Shape ◽

Intrinsic Factors ◽

Hallux Limitus ◽

First Metatarsal ◽

Radiographic Measurements ◽

Angle Data ◽

Significant Difference ◽

First Ray

Background: Controversy exists regarding the structural and functional causes of hallux limitus, including metatarsus primus elevatus, a long first metatarsal, first-ray hypermobility, the shape of the first metatarsal head, and the presence of hallux interphalangeus. Some articles have reported on the radiographic evaluation of these measurements in feet affected by hallux limitus, but no study has directly compared the affected and unaffected feet in patients with unilateral hallux limitus. This case-control pilot study aimed to establish whether any such differences exist. Methods: Dorsoplantar and lateral weightbearing radiographs of both feet in 30 patients with unilateral hallux limitus were assessed for grade of disease, lateral intermetatarsal angle, metatarsal protrusion distance, plantar gapping at the first metatarsocuneiform joint, metatarsal head shape, and hallux abductus interphalangeus angle. Data analysis was performed using a statistical software program. Results: Mean radiographic measurements for affected and unaffected feet demonstrated that metatarsus primus elevatus, a short first metatarsal, first-ray hypermobility, a flat metatarsal head shape, and hallux interphalangeus were prevalent in both feet. There was no statistically significant difference between feet for any of the radiographic parameters measured (Mann-Whitney U tests, independent-samples t tests, and Pearson χ2 tests: P > .05). Conclusions: No significant differences exist in the presence of the structural risk factors examined between affected and unaffected feet in patients with unilateral hallux limitus. The influence of other intrinsic factors, including footedness and family history, should be investigated further.

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