Chile inequality debate will drive tax reform demands

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Services ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lock In

Significance Although both the bill’s legislative future and the amount it would raise are uncertain, it reflects ever more explicit class polarisation and anger over inequalities. Impacts Chile’s current fiscal situation will increase the salience of the efficiency of public spending and its targeting. Through its impact on the quality of public services, Chile’s low tax burden helps to lock in inequalities. The regressive nature of Chile’s tax system is likely to be exploited by left-wing candidates in the 2021 presidential race.

ISO 9001 and the public service: an investigation of the effect of the QMS on the quality of public service organizations

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Armando López-Lemus
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Public Services ◽  
The State ◽  
Iso 9001 ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the influence exerted by a quality management system (QMS) under ISO 9001: 2015 on the quality of public services organizations in Mexico. Design/methodology/approach The methodological design was quantitative, explanatory, observational and transversal, for which a sample of 461 public servants from the state of Guanajuato, Mexico was obtained. To test the hypotheses, a structural equation model (SEM) was developed through the statistical software Amos v.21. For the analysis of the data, software SPSS v.21 was used. Regarding the goodness and adjustment indices of the SEM (χ2 = 720.09, df = 320, CFI = 0.933, TLI = 0.926 and RMSEA = 0.05) which, therefore, proved to be acceptable. Findings According to the results obtained through the SEM model, the QMS under ISO 9001: 2015 is positively and significantly influenced tangible aspects (β1 = 0.79, p < 0.01), reliability (β2 = 0.90, p < 0.01), related to response quality (β3 = 0.93, p < 0.01), guarantees (β4 = 0.91, p < 0.01) and empathy (β5 = 0.88, p < 0.01) of the quality related to public services in Mexico. The study’s key contribution is that it discovered that implementing a QMS in accordance with the ISO 9001: 2015 standard has an impact on the quality of public services, with the most influential quality of response. Similarly, the assurance and dependability of service quality turned out to be important in providing public service quality. Research limitations/implications In this paper, the QMS was only evaluated as a variable that intervenes in the process of obtaining quality in public service under the ISO 9001 standard in its 2015 version. In this regard, the results’ trustworthiness is limited to the extent that the findings may be generalized in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico’s public service. As a result, the scientific community is left primarily focused on service quality to promote new future research. Practical implications The ISO 9001: 2015 standard’s QMS is one of the tools for success in both the commercial and government sectors. However, there are practical limitations, which focus on the time during which managers exercise their vision in the public sector: first, the dynamics that managers play in public policy; second, the length of time they have served in public office; and third, the interest of directors of public institutions to improve the quality of service provided by the government. Other practical consequences concern organizational culture and identity, public servant commitment, senior management or secretaries of government, as well as work and training. Originality/value The findings of this paper are important and valuable because they foster knowledge generation in the public sector through the ISO 9000 quality area. A model that permits the adoption and implementation of a QMS based on the ISO 9001: 2015 standard in public organizations that seek to provide quality in their services offered to the user is also presented to the literature. Similarly, the paper is important because there is currently insufficient research focusing on the variables examined in the context of public service in Mexico.

COVID-19 will shift Macron’s policy focus in France

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
Lower Order ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
Regional Inequality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Subject Macron's support. Significance Support for President Emmanuel Macron has declined in recent weeks. Reasons include the government’s mixed messaging concerning the use of face masks to combat COVID-19, as well as the impact of the disease in exposing regional inequality and under-investment in public services. The economic and social impact of the crisis could push Macron leftwards, favouring greater state ownership and public spending in the coming years. Impacts Macron could strengthen his support by considerably increasing infrastructure spending in more deprived regions. Macron will likely look for ways significantly to reform and strengthen the EU’s capacity in health policy. Some of Macron’s main EU initiatives, such as security and defence integration, may now become lower-order concerns.

Sustainable development of communities: ISO 37120 and UN goals

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 887-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suane A. Moschen ◽  
Janaina Macke ◽  
Suélen Bebber ◽  
Marcelo Benetti Correa da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
City Management ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Development Goals

Purpose The aims of this study is to put on the agenda discussions concerning the approach of sustainable goals and indicators, in terms of how they relate to each other and how to list their importance within a network of contemporary city management. From the millennium objectives experience, UN has launched the continuity of the development program, through the sustainable development goals (SDG), which have the purpose of giving support to local and regional governments for the 2030 agenda in local sphere. In the city context, sustainable development has also been approached in regulations, like ISO 37120: 2017 “Sustainable development of communities: Indicators for city services and quality of life”. These instruments have in common the concern of offering parameters of public services to citizens and promoting in a uniform manner both social and economic growth of the urban environment. Design/methodology/approach The present study aims to compare these two sustainable development tools by means of a documentary analysis and to analyze the feasibility of the proposed indicators and their qualitative evaluation goals to improve citizens’ quality of life. Findings The results suggest that the main urban challenges are related to unplanned urban growth and poor-quality public services, which generate a lack of commitment to enforce laws and to achieve sustainable development goals. Originality/value The study establishes bases for guiding the discussion to support managers and investors decisions to promote paradigm changes in the citizens’ life and in the way cities are planned.

Economic Analysis of Tax Reform

2003 ◽  
pp. 38-60
Author(s):  
A. Vasilieva ◽  
E. Gurvich ◽  
V. Subbotin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Simplified Model ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
Country Analysis ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Major Target

The paper discusses progress in the implementation of tax reform in Russia. It is argued, basing on theoretical and cross-country analysis, that fine tuning of tax system is a more appropriate major target of reform, than cutting overall tax burden. A simplified model of demand for labor is used to estimate impact of tax reform on GDP composition and tax proceeds. The effect of reform on tax revenues is assessed as their reduction by 1.5% of GDP, compensated with expansion of tax bases. The decisions on further steps of tax reform are criticized as potentially dangerous for macroeconomic stability.

Ownership, tax and intercorporate loans in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Governance Mechanism ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Controlling Shareholder ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Domestic Firms

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the interconnections between corporate ownership, tax system and controlling shareholder tunneling through intercorporate loans in an emerging market setting. Design/methodology/approach China’s Enterprises Income Tax reform in 2008 abolished its previous multiple-tiers tax system under which foreign direct investment (FDI) firms enjoyed preferential tax rates than domestic firms by introducing a new unified-rate tax system. Using difference-in-differences tests, the author analyzes changes of controlling shareholders tunneling through intercorporate loans among Chinese listed companies around this reform. Findings The author documents significant reductions of intercorporate loans after the reform. More importantly, the author reveals that foreign-invested firms experienced larger reductions of intercorporate loans than domestic firms. The author also shows that state association matters for domestic firms’ response to the reform. In addition, the author documents positive stock market reaction to the tax reform announcement for firms that exhibited higher level of tunneling prior to the reform, indicating market expectation of reduced principal-principal conflict post-reform. Research limitations/implications The findings suggest effective corporate governance system is warranted to constrain intercorporate fund transfers in emerging markets where tax incentives are used for attracting inward foreign direct investments. Institutional reforms in emerging markets aimed at removing market frictions can alleviate the problem of controlling shareholder expropriations of minority interests or tunneling. Originality/value This is a pioneering study that reveals the role of tax as a public governance mechanism in weak minority investor protection environment.

A fragile agreement on global tax reform is near

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tax Competition ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Political Pressure ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
The Us

Significance Political pressure for tax reform has increased as many large tech firms, in particular, have made large profits during the pandemic, and many countries need to raise tax revenues to bolster their budgets. Impacts Once there is more certainty of the details, governments are likely to have very different views about the costs and benefits of the plan. The US proposal to extend Pillar 1 marks the start of a shift in the global tax system from source taxation towards market country taxation. Many small and developing nations will oppose the US plan to extend Pillar 2 to include limiting tax competition, as they benefit from this.

Ecuador opts for four more years of leftist governance

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
The State ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Latin American Left ◽  
American Left

Significance With official results giving him 51.16% of the vote, the election was the tightest Ecuador has witnessed for decades. Moreno’s challenger, Guillermo Lasso -- a former banker and leader of a coalition of centre-right parties -- has cried foul, demanding a recount and urging his supporters to take to the streets to “defend the people’s will”. Impacts Moreno’s win will ensure broad continuity in economic policy, the state performing a strong regulatory and redistributive role. He will attempt to appease investors and maintain relatively high levels of public spending in order to reactivate the economy. Continued left-wing governance in Ecuador will dampen speculation over the possible demise of the Latin American left.

Macron will struggle to control French public spending

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Sustained Improvement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Public Finances ◽  
The Government ◽  
Tax Cuts

Significance Macron was elected on a programme calling for cuts in public spending and tax of 60 billion euros (69 billion dollars) and 20 billion euros respectively by 2022. France’s deficit-to-GDP ratio should thus decline over the five-year period of his mandate. Impacts The tax cuts, combined with the planned labour law reforms, could improve Paris's attractiveness for banks looking to relocate after Brexit. A sustained improvement in public finances is unlikely as long as public services and policies are not systematically evaluated. The government hopes that the European Commission will be amenable to the revised draft budget and the planned reforms.

Tax reforms and revenue mobilization in Ghana

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 522-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Bekoe ◽  
Michael Danquah ◽  
Sampson Kwabena Senahey
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reform Period ◽  
The Individual

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively examine Ghana’s tax reform programme and investigate whether it has facilitated the revenue mobilization capacity of the overall tax system and of individual taxes on the basis of estimates of tax buoyancies and elasticities. Design/methodology/approach This study uses the proportional adjustment approach to estimate tax buoyancies and elasticities of the overall tax system and of individual taxes for the pre and post tax reform period over the 1970-2013 period. Findings The results show that in general, tax reforms had a positive influence on the overall tax structure and on the individual tax handles as evidenced in the more than unity buoyancy and elasticity. All the individual taxes, except excise duties, recorded buoyancies and elasticities of more than unity during the reform period. Practical implications Tax authorities ought to move away from income-based taxation which discriminates against saving and investment, in favour of consumption-based taxes in conformity with international standards. Emphasis must also be placed on those taxes that have high revenue elasticities. These taxes include the personal, corporate, the Value Added Tax, and the import duties. Originality/value In this study, the paper extends and disaggregates the data on taxes, account for discretionary tax changes from the historical time series data, and use the adjusted historical time series data to estimate tax elasticity. The study therefore provides an in-depth understanding of the effects of the tax reforms on the overall tax system and of individual taxes in Ghana.

The influence of the tax system on the location of holding companies in Switzerland

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilberto Cárdenas Cárdenas ◽  
Sofía García Gamez
Keyword(s):  
Academic Research ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Holding Companies ◽  
Consulting Firms ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
International Tax

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which the tax system constitutes a first-order element influencing the location of holding companies in Switzerland. Design/methodology/approach – To achieve this goal, the authors have estimated an econometric model using ordinary least squares. The authors also provide a unique statistical database of holding companies established in Switzerland. The independent tax variables revolve around concepts of tax burden and effort, whereas the non-tax variables are generally those referred to in the literature on location of investments. Findings – The study concludes that, in addition to the tax burden, there are other qualitative variables that show the same influence on the geographic location of holding companies in Switzerland. Originality/value – The study of holding companies as instruments of international tax planning is usually linked to law offices or consulting firms that specialize in the international tax system – not university academic research per se. The interaction of academic theory and international fiscal praxis provides an interesting perspective from which to approach this topic.

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