US policy moves create China openings in Latin America

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Economic Institutions ◽  
Trade Integration ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Trade Partner

Subject Chinese opportunities in Latin America. Significance US retrenchment from global economic institutions would create a vacuum that China is well-positioned to fill. In Latin America, this would accelerate trends underway since the turn of the century that have seen China eclipse the United States as the main trade partner and source of financing for several countries. The potential realignment would be greatest in the region’s traditional US allies and enthusiastic participants in US-led institutions: Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru. Impacts A less globally engaged United States creates an opportunity for China to promote its financial institutions and trade integration projects. China stands to gain the most in strategic terms in countries hitherto aligned with the United States. This appears propitious for a Chinese strategy of diversification of its ties away from high-risk settings such as Ecuador and Venezuela.

Latin America food exports to Gulf will expand further

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Adoption Of Innovations ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Food Imports

Significance The GCC imports around 85% of the food its member countries consume domestically, and the share of Latin American products as a proportion of the GCC’s total food imports has increased from 10% in 2015 to almost 14% in 2019. Impacts Pandemic-induced adoption of innovations such as e-commerce will provide opportunities to expand food exports. Post-pandemic recovery in tourism may eventually boost the GCC’s need for food imports. Growth in other markets will be crucial to help reduce LAC’s dependence on key markets such as China and the United States.

scholarly journals Investigating academic library responses to predatory publishing in the United States, Canada and Spanish-speaking Latin America

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jairo Buitrago Ciro ◽  
Lynne Bowker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Academic Library ◽  
Scholarly Communication ◽  
The United States ◽  
Comparative Investigation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
The Us ◽  
Predatory Publishing

PurposeThis is a comparative investigation of how university libraries in the United States, Canada and Spanish-speaking Latin America are responding to predatory publishing.Design/methodology/approachThe Times Higher Education World University Rankings was used to identify the top ten universities from each of the US and Canada, as well as the top 20 Spanish-language universities in Latin America. Each university library's website was scrutinized to discover whether the libraries employed scholarly communication librarians, whether they offered scholarly communication workshops, or whether they shared information about scholarly communication on their websites. This information was further examined to determine if it discussed predatory publishing specifically.FindingsMost libraries in the US/Canada sample employ scholarly communication librarians and nearly half offer workshops on predatory publishing. No library in the Latin America sample employed a scholarly communication specialist and just one offered a workshop addressing predatory publishing. The websites of the libraries in the US and Canada addressed predatory publishing both indirectly and directly, with US libraries favoring the former approach and Canadian libraries tending towards the latter. Predatory publishing was rarely addressed directly by the libraries in the Latin America sample; however, all discussed self-archiving and/or Open Access.Research limitations/implicationsBrazilian universities were excluded owing to the researchers' language limitations. Data were collected between September 15 and 30, 2019, so it represents a snapshot of information available at that time. The study was limited to an analysis of library websites using a fixed set of keywords, and it did not investigate whether other campus units were involved or whether other methods of informing researchers about predatory publishing were being used.Originality/valueThe study reveals some best practices leading to recommendations to help academic libraries combat predatory publishing and improve scholarly publishing literacy among researchers.

scholarly journals Genetic Determinants of Resistance to Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin and Fluoroquinolone in Escherichia coli Isolated from Diseased Pigs in the United States

mSphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivdeep Singh Hayer ◽  
Seunghyun Lim ◽  
Samuel Hong ◽  
Ehud Elnekave ◽  
Timothy Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
High Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Swine Population

ABSTRACT Fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins are critically important antimicrobial classes for both human and veterinary medicine. We previously found a drastic increase in enrofloxacin resistance in clinical Escherichia coli isolates collected from diseased pigs from the United States over 10 years (2006 to 2016). However, the genetic determinants responsible for this increase have yet to be determined. The aim of the present study was to identify and characterize the genetic basis of resistance against fluoroquinolones (enrofloxacin) and extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ceftiofur) in swine E. coli isolates using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). blaCMY-2 (carried by IncA/C2, IncI1, and IncI2 plasmids), blaCTX-M (carried by IncF, IncHI2, and IncN plasmids), and blaSHV-12 (carried by IncHI2 plasmids) genes were present in 87 (82.1%), 19 (17.9%), and 3 (2.83%) of the 106 ceftiofur-resistant isolates, respectively. Of the 110 enrofloxacin-resistant isolates, 90 (81.8%) had chromosomal mutations in gyrA, gyrB, parA, and parC genes. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes [qnrB77, qnrB2, qnrS1, qnrS2, and aac-(6)-lb′-cr] borne on ColE, IncQ2, IncN, IncF, and IncHI2 plasmids were present in 24 (21.8%) of the enrofloxacin-resistant isolates. Virulent IncF plasmids present in swine E. coli isolates were highly similar to epidemic plasmids identified globally. High-risk E. coli clones, such as ST744, ST457, ST131, ST69, ST10, ST73, ST410, ST12, ST127, ST167, ST58, ST88, ST617, ST23, etc., were also found in the U.S. swine population. Additionally, the colistin resistance gene (mcr-9) was present in several isolates. This study adds valuable information regarding resistance to critical antimicrobials with implications for both animal and human health. IMPORTANCE Understanding the genetic mechanisms conferring resistance is critical to design informed control and preventive measures, particularly when involving critically important antimicrobial classes such as extended-spectrum cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. The genetic determinants of extended-spectrum cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone resistance were highly diverse, with multiple plasmids, insertion sequences, and genes playing key roles in mediating resistance in swine Escherichia coli. Plasmids assembled in this study are known to be disseminated globally in both human and animal populations and environmental samples, and E. coli in pigs might be part of a global reservoir of key antimicrobial resistance (AMR) elements. Virulent plasmids found in this study have been shown to confer fitness advantages to pathogenic E. coli strains. The presence of international, high-risk zoonotic clones provides worrisome evidence that resistance in swine isolates may have indirect public health implications, and the swine population as a reservoir for these high-risk clones should be continuously monitored.

US election could affect remittances to Latin America

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Low Income Families

Subject Growing remittances to Latin America. Significance Family remittances to Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) have been growing strongly in a year when immigration has become a central and controversial election issue in the United States. Impacts Strong remittance growth will have a positive impact on millions of low-income families in the region. A Trump presidency could lead to reduced LAC-US migration and a tax on remittances, probably slowing growth in 2017-18. LAC migrants and their families are set to benefit further from an expected continuing fall in sending costs.

Latin America faces rising media regulation challenges

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Media Freedom ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Media Regulation ◽  
Good Reputation ◽  
The Media ◽  
Do So

Subject The spread of media regulation initiatives. Significance Unlike in Europe or the United States, there is an increasingly consolidated trend in Latin America towards media regulation: various governments have pushed for the adoption of new anti-trust rules and the strengthening of executive control over the media. However, there are significant differences in approach across the region. Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil all face challenges in this context. Impacts Disputes between the Argentine government and media may become more raucous as October elections approach. Uruguay's good reputation in terms of media freedom will not be undermined by its new broadcasting law. Brazil needs a new regulatory framework, but doubts over the risk of content controls have delayed it before and may do so again.

Labour informality may increase in Latin America

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Surplus Labour ◽  
Low Levels

Subject The informal sector in Latin America. Significance The scale of informality in Latin American labour markets is widely seen as the main reason for the region's low levels of labour productivity; consequently, policymakers seek ways to induce a transfer of labour towards the formal sector where, in addition, workers come within the tax net. However, in spite of a decade of growth in the region, levels of informality have remained stubbornly high. Impacts A reduction in informality could increase the number of taxpayers and thus revenues. Tighter migration policies in the United States could limit options for surplus labour to relocate elsewhere. Lower birth rates will slow the number of new entrants into the labour market overall.

Spain's waning Latin America influence may regain pace

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Utilities ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Domestic Firms ◽  
State Financing ◽  
Political Leverage

Subject Spain's political and economic involvement in Latin America. Significance In the two decades leading up to the 2008 crisis, Spain saw its economic presence in Latin America grow rapidly as a result of investments in sectors such as banking, telecoms and public utilities. However, the crisis resulted in Spanish investment stagnating along with its political influence. With China having pledged as much as 250 billion dollars in investment by 2025, it is unlikely that Spain will maintain its position as the region’s second most important economic partner after the United States into the medium term. Impacts The unlikelihood of major divestments by Spanish companies will limit opportunities for domestic firms to acquire profitable assets. More market-friendly regional governments than in previous decades will help mitigate the risk of renationalisations. China’s abundant capital for state-to-state financing will give it significant political leverage which Spain will be unable to match. The scope of Chinese financing is likely to broaden beyond its currently limited destinations.

China may drive multilateral digital trade framework

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
South Korea ◽  
The United States ◽  
Trade Integration ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Eu

Significance DEPA was concluded by its founding members -- Singapore, New Zealand and Chile -- in 2020. South Korea applied to participate in June this year. Canada has expressed interest. China's accession would greatly raise its profile, but creates difficulties both for existing members and for Beijing. Impacts Other countries may take DEPA more seriously as a result of China's application. The United States and the EU may be spurred to devote greater attention to global digital trade integration. China's fundamentally sovereignty-based approach to data is unlikely to change.

Blaine, Garfield and Latin America: A New Look

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-89
Author(s):  
Allan Peskin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Civil War ◽  
The United States ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Secretary Of State ◽  
New Look

IF, as has been suggested, a country without a foreign policy is a happy country, then the United States must have reached the peak of its felicity between the Civil War and the turn of the century. Of all the Secretaries of State in that otherwise obscure progression from William Seward to John Hay only one has managed to escape oblivion and capture the imagination of diplomatic historians. That exception is James G. Blaine. Secretary of State on two separate occasions and under three different presidents, Blaine brought to his office not only his personal dynamism but also an apparently well thought-out conception of foreign affairs. Unlike his contemporaries, who seemed content merely to react to events, Blaine appeared to have a policy. The genesis of that policy has been a source of controversy ever since.

Turkey's authoritarianism will be harder to ignore

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
The United States ◽  
Practical Result ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Nuclear Security ◽  
Made In

Significance The European Commission has upped its contribution to 1 billion euros, with Germany next at 428 million, and Italy fourth at 225 million, after securing agreement that it would be counted against its budget deficit. The facility fulfils an EU pledge of assistance to Turkey made in November, amid growing signs that the United States may distance itself openly from President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and the Justice and Development Party (AKP) over internal freedom of expression issues. Impacts US-Turkish differences compound unresolved tensions in other areas such as Syria and Iraq. Such differences may well be skated round at Erdogan's face-to-face meeting with Obama at the Washington nuclear security summit in March. Erdogan's trip to Latin America may broaden Ankara's alliances and reduce its sense of isolation. but will have little practical result.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document