ESTIVATE: a model for calculating excavator productivity and output costs

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID J. EDWARDS ◽  
GARY D. HOLT
Keyword(s):  
Output Costs

scholarly journals How Bad Are Twins? Output Costs of Currency and Banking Crises

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 725-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Hutchison ◽  
Ilan Noy
Keyword(s):  
Banking Crises ◽  
Output Costs

scholarly journals The need for official reserves in Latin America: assessing the precautionary motive, 1995-2011

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (65) ◽  
pp. 327-347
Author(s):  
Moritz Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Latin American ◽  
International Reserves ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Monetary Authorities ◽  
Precautionary Motive ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Output Costs

In this paper we estimate the demand for official reserves in Latin America during the period 1995-2011. We assume that the main concern of the monetary authorities to demand reserves is the fear of suffering external drains, and its associated output costs. In other words, we attempt to show that the so-called precautionary motive drives the demand for international reserves in the region. Our econometric results confirm that Latin American countries demand ever increasing amounts of foreign exchange to protect themselves against the likelihood of external drains.

scholarly journals Output Costs of Education and Skill Mismatch

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Garibaldi ◽  
Pedro M. Gomes ◽  
Thepthida Sopraseuth
Keyword(s):  
Skill Mismatch ◽  
Output Costs

scholarly journals The Great Indian Demonetization

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amartya Lahiri
Keyword(s):  
Tax Base ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Disaggregated Data ◽  
Output Costs

On November 8, 2016, India demonetized 86 percent of its currency in circulation. The stated objectives of the move were to seize undeclared income, to destroy counterfeit currency, to speed up formalization of the economy, and to increase the tax base. I find that the evidence over the subsequent three years suggests that the move had limited success in achieving its stated objectives. Disaggregated data suggests that demonetization did have appreciable costs in terms of lost jobs and output. However, the output costs appear to have been temporary.

Long-Term Scarring from the Financial Crisis

2009 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 36-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Barrell
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Financial Crises ◽  
Asset Prices ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Risk Premia ◽  
Crisis Period ◽  
Permanent Effect ◽  
Output Costs

It is useful to look at the distinction between transitory and permanent effects of a crisis. Financial crises normally bring on a recession, and the output costs can be large, as Hoggarth and Saporta (2001) discuss. In the majority of cases since 1970 in the OECD countries output returns to its trend level and there is no permanent effect. However, there may have been a permanent scar on the level of output in Japan after its crisis in the early 1990s, making the crisis and subsequent recession much more costly. This may reflect the nature and length of the crisis, as the banking sector was left to flounder for some years before its rescue toward the end of the crisis period. This appears to have left a permanent scar because risk premia were subsequently higher, and real asset prices have not fully recovered.

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