Buyers and Monopolies

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 474-478
Author(s):  
David Farmer
Keyword(s):  
The West ◽  
Western Countries

In the West, at least, monopolies are generally thought to be threatening. An illustration of this concern about the potential consequences of a dominant presence in a market is the fact that most Western countries have introduced anti‐monopoly legislation. Rightly or wrongly, the presence of a monopolist suggests to many that the purchaser of goods or services from such an organisation will not get value for his money. It is often argued that the monopolist will seek to make unnecessarily large profits, or that he will be inefficient and in turn that this will result in his selling prices being higher than they ought. Little attention is usually paid in such discussion to what the economists call “non‐price variables”. However, by implication at least, in this respect too, the seller is thought to perform at a lower level than he might under competition (for example, specification, delivery and service).

Western Countries: Future of Multiculturalism in Context of Employment

2012 ◽  
pp. 16-25
Author(s):  
M. Klupt
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Statistical Information ◽  
Western World ◽  
The West ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
The World

Will immigrant minorities change the Western world? Two decades ago this question seemed irrelevant as it was expected that the West will change the world in its image. Today, the same question is perceived as rhetorical. The answer is obvious, and the dispute is merely over directions, extent and possible consequences of future changes. The center of this dispute is the multiculturalism – the concept, policy and praxis praising diversity of cultures and denying any of them a vested right to dominate not only in the world at large, but even in a particular country. The assessment of its perspectives presupposes a variety of research approaches in view of its complexity. In the present article only one of them is be used for the analysis focused on the employment of immigrant minorities from the world's South. The viability of such approach is based on two circumstances. Firstly, the employment indexes considered in ethnical context belong to the most important characteristics of ethno-social structure of a society. Secondly, the availability of broad statistical information about employment allows for resting upon empirical data, possibly avoiding a needless bias toward purely theoretical constructions.

Understanding Turkish Perception of Conscription and Reluctance to Reform: A Westphalian Approach in a Post-Westphalian World?

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-368
Author(s):  
Birgül Demirtaş
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
The West ◽  
Turkish Foreign Policy ◽  
Realist Approach ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Justice And Development Party ◽  
Military Systems ◽  
Basic Argument ◽  
Military Institutions ◽  
Traditional Understanding

Many of the Western countries have radically changed their system of conscription in the recent decades. Turkey that enthusiastically takes the West as a model in many fields continues, however, to ignore developments in the Western military systems and sticks to its traditional understanding of military institutions. The present study seeks to examine the rationale behind Turkey’s conscription system and its reluctance to reform. Why is the Justice and Development Party (JDP) still stuck to the same conscription system that remained untouched in its fundamentals for 85 years? The basic argument of the article is that although the discourse in Turkish foreign policy changed considerably under the JDP, Turkish decision leaders still have a security understanding dominated by the realist approach.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular risk assessment in South and Middle-East Asians living in the Western countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahrai Saeed ◽  
Alka M Kanaya ◽  
Louise Bennet ◽  
Peter M Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Middle East ◽  
South Asian ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Assessment ◽  
The West ◽  
East Asians ◽  
Western Countries

Nearly a quarter of the world population lives in the South Asian region (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, and the Maldives). Due to rapid demographic and epidemiological transition in these countries, the burden of non-communicable diseases is growing, which is a serious public health concern. Particularly, the prevalence of pre-diabetes, diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increasing. South Asians living in the West have also substantially higher risk of CVD and mortality compared with white Europeans and Americans. Further, as a result of global displacement over the past three decades, Middle-Eastern immigrants now represent the largest group of non-European immigrants in Northern Europe. This vulnerable population has been less studied. Hence, the aim of the present review was to address cardiovascular risk assessment in South Asians (primarily people from India, Pakistan and Bangladesh), and Middle-East Asians living in Western countries compared with whites (Caucasians) and present results from some major intervention studies. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed to identify major cardiovascular health studies of South Asian and Middle-Eastern populations living in the West, relevant for this review. Results indicated an increased risk of CVD. In conclusion, both South Asian and Middle-Eastern populations living in the West carry significantly higher risk of diabetes and CVD compared with native white Europeans. Lifestyle interventions have been shown to have beneficial effects in terms of reduction in the risk of diabetes by increasing insulin sensitivity, weight loss as well as better glycemic and lipid control. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.3292 How to cite this:Saeed S, Kanaya AM, Bennet L, Nilsson PM. Cardiovascular risk assessment in South and Middle-East Asians living in the Western countries. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(7):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.3292 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Russia living from its past

2019 ◽  
pp. 171-183
Author(s):  
Isabela de Andrade Gama
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Ontological Security ◽  
The West ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Inferior Status ◽  
The Cold War

Since the end of the Cold War Russia has been treated as a defeated state. Western countries usually perceive Russia not only as a defeated state but also relating it to Soviet Union. Beyond that the West has Orientalized Russia, segregating it from the “western club” of developed states. But Russia’s recovery from the collapse of the 90’s made it more assertive towards the West. It’s proposed here that this assertiveness is due to it’s orientalization, it’s inferior status perceived by the West. The inferior perception by the West has triggered a process of identity’s reconstruction which will be analyzed through a perspective of ontological security. The more Russia has it’s great power status denied, the more aggressive it becomes regarding it’s foreign policy. As the international hierarchy continues to treat Russia as that of “behind” the modern states, and the more it feels marginalized, it will double down on efforts to regain its great power status it will have to dispose power. Russia’s ontological insecurity might lead it to a path of aggressiveness.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mitchell A. Orenstein
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Political Polarization ◽  
Delayed Response ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The West ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
The Core ◽  
Hybrid War

This introductory chapter outlines the core argument of the book: that as Russia ramped up its hybrid war on the West starting around 2007, politics in Western countries has become more similar to politics in the vulnerable “lands in between.” Russia’s hybrid war on the West has contributed to political polarization by promoting extremist parties and creating a sense that every election presents voters with a “civilizational choice” between Russia and the West or authoritarianism and democracy. Paradoxically, many of the leaders that rise to the top in these conditions are those who find ways to profit from both sides. They benefit from the sponsorship of pro-Russia and pro-Western interests to enrich themselves in the process. The plan of this book is simple. It starts with exploring the nature of Russia’s hybrid war on the West and the West’s delayed response. Then it shows how this conflict shapes the politics of the lands in between, Central and Eastern European member states of the European Union, and core Western countries.

Factors of Development of Primary Education and Their Measurement Methods in the West

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Писарева ◽  
L. Pisareva
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
The West ◽  
Western Countries

The article reveals the peculiarities of education in pre-school and primary link in the Western countries (primarily in Germany): positive and negative influences on the development and quality of primary education, methods of its estimation are analyzed. The criteria of readiness of children for the transition from preschool to elementary school are described. The general and the particular in the primary education system of various countries of the West are given.

scholarly journals TULKU INSTITUTE: TRADITIONS AND MODERNITY

2018 ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
Dulma V. Ayusheyeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Buddhism ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
The West ◽  
Successful Development ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Near Future

At the present stage of development of Tibetan Buddhism in the West, the tulku institution, which presence in this tradition is its main characteristic, began to take roots. In the past twenty years, Tibetan monks have begun to recognize the reincarnation of representatives of the lineage of succession, not only among Tibetans, but also Westerners. Analyzing this process, the author comes to the conclusion that the difficulty of introducing this model into the practice of Buddhism in the West is that Western adepts should agree that his teacher, the authoritative Tibetan lama, in his next birth can be identified in the person of a Western man and in this regard, there will be problems of relationship of students with the reincarnation of their spiritual teacher. The building of such relations is an increasingly important element in creating and maintaining the integrity required for the survival and further successful development of Tibetan Buddhism in the West. The author claims that, as a rule, children-reincarnates do not visit Western countries for various reasons. Many of them live in Tibetan monasteries in India and Nepal, where they are subject to strict regime and instructions. However, in the near future these children will grow into leaders of their societies located in Western countries.

scholarly journals POPULISME DAN KEBIJAKAN LUAR NEGERI DI INDONESIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Imelda Masni Juniaty Sianipar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Politics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Order ◽  
The West ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Hugo Chavez

On October 20, 2014, Joko Widodo or familiarly known as Jokowi was sworn in as the Seventh President of the Republic of Indonesia. The majority of Indonesian society supports Jokowi because He is simple, honest and populist. The presence of populist leaders in international politics often attracts the attention of Western countries, particularly the United States. Populist leaders are often considered as the authoritarian leaders, anti-democratic, anti-Western, anti-foreign and anti-market. Hugo Chavez from Venezuela and Mahmoud Ahmadinejad from Iran are the examples. Chavez and Ahmadinejad are considered as threats by the United States because they challenge the United States led regional and global order. This article will examine the direction of Jokowi’s foreign policy. This article argues that Jokowi is a moderate populist leader. Jokowi is friendly to other countries including the West but still prioritize the national interests. Thus, Indonesia under Jokowi is not a threat to other countries and the West. In fact, they can work together to achieve their common national interests. Keywords: populism, foreign policy, Indonesia, jokowi, moderate populism

scholarly journals IMPLIKASI KONFLIK HISTORIS ISLAM-KRISTEN BARAT TERHADAP MUNCULNYA STIGMATISASI PERMUSUHAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-173
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Solution ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
The West ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Long Time

The current conflict between Islam and Christian (west) originally rooted from the historical conflict which has happened for a long time ago. The conflict has been begun from the success of Islam expansion to western countries. The conflict has got worse when the west enables to move Islam domination in which it affected on the stigmatization on the followers. They discredited each other both in theology and other aspects. All conflicts, including Islam-Christian conflict is 'sunnatullah', something unavoidable, which bring both negative-destructive and positive-constructive effect. In fact,the conflict tends to be negative-destructive. Colonialism, which has been continually followed with missionarism and orientalism worsen the situation. This article discusses the implication of historical conflict on stigmatization done by the followers. Moreover, it tries to offer an alternative solution, that is, providing a dialogue as a bridge to resolve the conflict. It is expected to stifle the conflict and gradually to shift the conflict into a mutual understanding relationship.

scholarly journals Clan governance and landless social capital: an anthropological stakeholdership model

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-484
Author(s):  
Roberto Moro Visconti
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
The West ◽  
Financial Shocks ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Governance Models

Traditional corporate governance models in Western countries have been severely shaken by the still ongoing recession, whereas in developing countries backward and unrefined stakeholdership models have provided an involuntary shelter from financial shocks. Clan governance rotates around informal relationships, which concern also untitled land, intrinsically unfit for collateral lending. Comparison between the West and the Rest does not suggest automatic dominance of formal governance patterns, but rather painfully converging standards, under the centripetal influence of disordered globalization, which may flatten cultural differences, up to the point of spoiling valuable “biodiversities”.

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