TIME AND FREQUENCY DOMAIN NUMERICAL PHYSICAL MODELLING OF TWO TERMINAL MICROWAVE NON LINEAR CIRCUITS APPLIED TO MILLIMETER‐WAVE AVALANCHE DIODE FREQUENCY MULTIPLIERS

1992 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-536
Author(s):  
C. DALLE ◽  
M.R. FRISCOURT ◽  
P.A. ROLLAND
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Physical Modelling ◽  
Frequency Multipliers ◽  
Avalanche Diode ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Linear Circuits

A Novel Solution to Compute Stress Time Series in Nonlinear Hydro-Structure Simulations

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien Bigot ◽  
François-Xavier Sireta ◽  
Eric Baudin ◽  
Quentin Derbanne ◽  
Etienne Tiphine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Container Ship ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Computation Cost ◽  
Hull Girder ◽  
Non Linear

Ship transport is growing up rapidly, leading to ships size increase, and particularly for container ships. The last generation of Container Ship is now called Ultra Large Container Ship (ULCS). Due to their increasing sizes they are more flexible and more prone to wave induced vibrations of their hull girder: springing and whipping. The subsequent increase of the structure fatigue damage needs to be evaluated at the design stage, thus pushing the development of hydro-elastic simulation models. Spectral fatigue analysis including the first order springing can be done at a reasonable computational cost since the coupling between the sea-keeping and the Finite Element Method (FEM) structural analysis is performed in frequency domain. On the opposite, the simulation of non-linear phenomena (Non linear springing, whipping) has to be done in time domain, which dramatically increases the computation cost. In the context of ULCS, because of hull girder torsion and structural discontinuities, the hot spot stress time series that are required for fatigue analysis cannot be simply obtained from the hull girder loads in way of the detail. On the other hand, the computation cost to perform a FEM analysis at each time step is too high, so alternative solutions are necessary. In this paper a new solution is proposed, that is derived from a method for the efficient conversion of full scale strain measurements into internal loads. In this context, the process is reversed so that the stresses in the structural details are derived from the internal loads computed by the sea-keeping program. First, a base of distortion modes is built using a structural model of the ship. An original method to build this base using the structural response to wave loading is proposed. Then a conversion matrix is used to project the computed internal loads values on the distortion modes base, and the hot spot stresses are obtained by recombination of their modal values. The Moore-Penrose pseudo-inverse is used to minimize the error. In a first step, the conversion procedure is established and validated using the frequency domain hydro-structure model of a ULCS. Then the method is applied to a non-linear time domain simulation for which the structural response has actually been computed at each time step in order to have a reference stress signal, in order to prove its efficiency.

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