Splash zone corrosion of a piled structure in a marine environment evaluated by a statistical method

1974 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
F.S. WATTS
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Method ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Splash Zone ◽  
Piled Structure

scholarly journals Permeation Characteristics and Surface Accumulation of Chloride in Different Zones of Concrete along Altitude in Marine Environments

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 722
Author(s):  
Hong Chang ◽  
Zhicheng Zhang ◽  
Zhanguo Ma ◽  
Yongsheng Ji ◽  
Xinshuo Huang
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Moisture Transport ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Convection Zone ◽  
Bulk Liquid ◽  
Splash Zone ◽  
Tidal Zone ◽  
Chloride Profiles ◽  
Accumulation Characteristics

The accumulation characteristics of surface chloride in concrete in different zones are different in the marine environment. A series of laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the surface chloride and permeation characteristics of concrete in a simulated marine environment. The experimental results indicated that the surface chloride and chloride profiles of concrete in different zones of marine environment decreased in the following order: tidal zone > splash zone > submerged zone > atmospheric zone. The width of the ascent zone of Cl− concentration at tidal and splash zones was far less than that of the influential depth of moisture transport (IDMT), and the range of convection zone was dependent on the IDMT. Cl− at splash and tidal zones penetrated into concrete as a bulk liquid by non-saturated permeation driven by a humidity gradient. The change of chloride profiles in concrete along the altitudinal gradient was consistent with that of the cyclic water absorption amount (CWAA). The transport rate of chloride was the highest at the highest point of the tide.

Comparative Study on Corrosion of Mild Steel in Natural and Simulated Marine Environment

2011 ◽  
Vol 66-68 ◽  
pp. 1828-1831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Dong Zhao ◽  
Guang Feng Xi ◽  
Jie Yang
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Corrosion Test ◽  
Splash Zone ◽  
Test Device ◽  
Marine Corrosion ◽  
Marine Structure ◽  
Exposure Method ◽  
Experiment Method ◽  
Weight Loss Method ◽  
Loss Method

Different zones of the marine environment were simulated by a designed marine corrosion test device in laboratory, through which the corrosion rate was tested by weight loss method applying separate specimens and electrically connected specimens, separately, and the test data were compared with those by seawater exposure method. The results showed that the corrosion in splash zone was the most severe whether for separate specimens or electrically connected specimens, and for the latter, the experimental data were more reasonable to simulate a continuous marine structure throughout the different zones in marine environment. The feasibility and reliability of the simulation device and the experiment method were also verified.

Income and Life Quality of Farmer Households Suffering Social Exclusion

2012 ◽  
pp. 63-87
Author(s):  
Anh Mai Ngoc ◽  
Ha Do Thi Hai ◽  
Huyen Nguyen Thi Ngoc
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Statistical Method ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Economic Aspect ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
The Impact

This study uses descriptive statistical method to analyze the income and life qual- ity of 397 farmer households who are suffering social exclusion in an economic aspect out of a total of 725 households surveyed in five Northern provinces of Vietnam in 2010. The farmers’ opinions of the impact of the policies currently prac- ticed by the central government and local authorities to give them access to the labor market are also analyzed in this study to help management officers see how the poli- cies affect the beneficiaries so that they can later make appropriate adjustments.

Spatial assemblage structure of shallow-water reef fish in Southwest Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 649 ◽  
pp. 125-140
Author(s):  
DS Goldsworthy ◽  
BJ Saunders ◽  
JRC Parker ◽  
ES Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Reef Fish Assemblage ◽  
Reef Type ◽  
Present Distribution ◽  
Southwest Australia

Bioregional categorisation of the Australian marine environment is essential to conserve and manage entire ecosystems, including the biota and associated habitats. It is important that these regions are optimally positioned to effectively plan for the protection of distinct assemblages. Recent climatic variation and changes to the marine environment in Southwest Australia (SWA) have resulted in shifts in species ranges and changes to the composition of marine assemblages. The goal of this study was to determine if the current bioregionalisation of SWA accurately represents the present distribution of shallow-water reef fishes across 2000 km of its subtropical and temperate coastline. Data was collected in 2015 using diver-operated underwater stereo-video surveys from 7 regions between Port Gregory (north of Geraldton) to the east of Esperance. This study indicated that (1) the shallow-water reef fish of SWA formed 4 distinct assemblages along the coast: one Midwestern, one Central and 2 Southern Assemblages; (2) differences between these fish assemblages were primarily driven by sea surface temperature, Ecklonia radiata cover, non-E. radiata (canopy) cover, understorey algae cover, reef type and reef height; and (3) each of the 4 assemblages were characterised by a high number of short-range Australian and Western Australian endemic species. The findings from this study suggest that 4, rather than the existing 3 bioregions would more effectively capture the shallow-water reef fish assemblage patterns, with boundaries having shifted southwards likely associated with ocean warming.

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