The Hawaiian Airline Industry, 2001–2008

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Brett Saraniti
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Airline Industry ◽  
Price Competition ◽  
Tacit Collusion ◽  
First Year ◽  
The Third ◽  
Price War ◽  
The Government ◽  
One Year ◽  
Industry Risk

Two Hawaiian airlines' cooperative environment is disrupted by the entry of a third competitor, Mesa Airways. The price war leads to fares as low as $0 and causes more than $100 million in losses in the first year with no end in sight. Industry risk factors for price competition were reduced in 2001 when the government granted a one-year reprieve from anti-trust laws, but increased dramatically after Mesa's announced entry.To demonstrate how industry risk factors drive price competition. The initial circumstances are supportive of a tacit collusion between two firms; following the entry of the third airline, conditions were more conducive to a devastating price war.

scholarly journals Will agriculture beat the odds against Covid-19? The Covid-19 outbreak and its effect on agricultural supply in Turkey.

New Medit ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Third ◽  
Food Shortages ◽  
The Government ◽  
Food Imports ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

"The new coronavirus (Covid-19), which spread almost the entire world, adversely affected many sectors, both internationally and 30 locally. Households’ panic purchase have rocketed the demand for some food items in the early days. Besides, food safety 31 concerns have increased. This research aimed to uncover how the public perceived the impact of Covid-19 on the agriculture and 32 food sector. The online survey was conducted, and the data from 428 participants were analysed using the SPSS (v.23) program. 33 The third of respondents (30.8%) believed the outbreak would last between six months to one year, during which time food 34 shortages will occur (32.5%). While 27.4% of the respondents reported that they stockpiled food, 44.8% reported that if the 35 outbreak continued, they would stock up on food. Participants were concerned that if planting cannot be done, food shortages will 36 occur (74.6%), basic foodstuffs cannot be produced (67.8%), food imports (69.4%) and exports (74.6%) will be adversely 37 affected by the outbreak. The research found that if farming disturbed, food prices would increase (82.3%) and the government 38 should include agriculture-supporting measures (85%) in its economic measures."

scholarly journals Incidence and Risk Factors of Early-onset Glaucoma following Pediatric Cataract Surgery in Egyptian Children: A One-year Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghada I Gawdat ◽  
Maha M Youssef ◽  
Nermeen M Bahgat ◽  
Dina M Elfayoumi ◽  
Mohamed AS Eddin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pediatric Cataract ◽  
Egyptian Children ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Pediatric Cataract Surgery ◽  
One Year ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

ABSTRACT Aim To study the incidence and risk factors of glaucoma occurring within 1 year following pediatric cataract surgery in Egyptian children. Materials and methods This is a prospective nonrandomized study conducted at Aburich Children's Hospital, over a period of 1 year on a cohort of Egyptian patients with congenital and infantile cataract. One hundred and fifty eyes of 88 patients were enrolled in this study. All the patients underwent anterior approach removal of lens matter, whereas primary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation was carried at the age of 1 and 2 years for unilateral and bilateral cases respectively. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 1 year. For those who developed glaucoma, time of diagnosis and associated risk factors were reported. Results The incidence of glaucoma was 11.33% (17 of 150 eyes), while incidence of glaucoma suspect was 0.67% (1 of 150 eyes) in the first year following cataract surgery. The majority of the cases (66.7%) were discovered in the first 3 months postcataract surgery. Age at time of cataract surgery, the state of aphakia/pseudophakia, persistent fetal vasculature (PFV), and microphthalmia were not found to be significant predictors of early-onset glaucoma in our study. Conclusion Aphakic glaucoma continues to be a devastating condition with high incidence during first year following cataract surgery. Clinical significance Regular follow-up should start as early as possible following cataract surgery. Further prospective studies with larger study population are required. How to cite this article Gawdat GI, Youssef MM, Bahgat NM, Elfayoumi DM, Eddin MAS. Incidence and Risk Factors of Early-onset Glaucoma following Pediatric Cataract Surgery in Egyptian Children: A One-year Study. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2017;11(3):80-85.

scholarly journals Ischemic Heart Disease and Cognitive Prognosis in the First Year after Stroke

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J O'Sullivan ◽  
Paul Wright
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
First Year ◽  
One Year ◽  
Moca Score ◽  
Over Time

Importance: Cognitive impairment is the greatest single source of unmet need identified by stroke survivors. Knowledge of the factors that influence cognitive prognosis will lead to better preventive and rehabilitation strategies. Objective: To identify the factors that influence general cognitive function, memory and executive function in the first year after ischemic stroke. Design: Single centre longitudinal observational study. Setting: Hospital stroke service. Participants: A cohort of 179 patients identified within 7 days of first symptomatic ischaemic stroke were enrolled into a longitudinal cognitive study, STRATEGIC. General cognitive function, episodic memory and executive function were assessed in the first three months and again at one year after stroke. Lesion topography was defined by imaging (n=152) performed in the acute period. Cognitive evaluation was repeated at one year in 141 participants. Main Outcome Measures: Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score at 1 year. Verbal free recall (Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test) and Digit Symbol Substitution Score provided secondary outcome measures of episodic memory and executive function respectively. Results: At 50+-19 days after stroke, diabetes mellitus and smoking were associated with MoCA score independent of other risk and demographic factors. Lesion vascular territory was independently associated with memory while white matter lesion burden was associated with executive function. In contrast to other risk factors, ischaemic heart disease was associated with change in cognitive scores and MoCA score at one year but not MoCA score at 3 months. IHD was the only factor significantly associated with change over time. This association was significant independent of other factors. Conclusions and Relevance: Associations between post-stroke cognition, and age, diabetes, smoking and white matter lesions, are likely to reflect the general effects of these factors on brain structure and function. These risk factors are not associated with change in cognitive function between 3 months and one year. In contrast, pre-existing ischemic heart disease was associated specifically with change in cognition over time. On average, patients with IHD showed decline in MoCA scores between 3 and 12 months while those free of IHD showed improvement. Intervention for IHD, alongside best-care stroke rehabilitation, merits investigation as a strategy to improve cognitive prognosis after stroke.

scholarly journals SUN-053 Evaluation of a 52-Year-Old Transgender Man During the First Year of Testosterone Therapy - Biochemical Changes, Body Composition and Cardiovascular Aspects at the Ergometric Test: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Azevedo Mobilia Alvares ◽  
Fernanda Patti Nakamoto ◽  
Isabella Ferreira Pimenta ◽  
Luiza Travassos da Rosa Netto ◽  
Henrique Afonso Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Biochemical Changes ◽  
First Year ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Testosterone Undecanoate ◽  
The Third ◽  
One Year ◽  
Existing Data

Abstract Introduction: Testosterone (T) therapy is able to promote biochemical, body composition and cardiovascular (CV) changes in transgender men (TM). However, existing data concerns TM between 18 and 50 years old. Objective: To describe the first year of T therapy in a 52 yo TM - biochemical changes, body composition and CV aspects during exercise. Methods: Medical record review was accessed as well as laboratorial and image exams performed during the first year of T use. Results: TM, 52 yo, in perimenopause, normal weight, without chronic diseases, no previous usage of T, initiated testosterone undecanoate 1.000mg. A second dose was given 6 weeks after the first one and then every 12 weeks. Lab exams were collected on the day before the next shot of T. By the third month of treatment, it has been noted the highest level of T (586 ng/dL). Initial hemoglobin (Hb) was 13.0 g/dL and hematocrit (Ht) 37.1%. After 7 months of treatment they reached their highest levels, 16.3 g/dL (23%) and 47,1% (27%). LDLc increased from 106 to 139 mg/dL (31%) by the seventh month. HDLc dropped from 73 to 60 (- 13 mg/dL) by the seventh month. Initial bone mineral density (BMD) was normal and increased 3.1% in lumbar spine (L1-L4) and 2.7% in femoral neck after 1 year. The muscle mass (MM) increased 10.9% in one year. The ergometric test (ET) at the beginning of treatment showed an increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 38.4% (130 to 180 mmHg) during exertion and a decrease of 27.7% in the third minute of passive recovery; as well as an increase in Heart Rate (HR) of 73 bpm during exertion and a reduction of 72 bpm at third minute of rest. One year after the use of T, SBP increased by 61.5% (130 to 210 mmHg), with a decrease of 52% and after three minutes of rest. HR increased 67 bpm during exertion and decreased by 75 bpm at the third minute of rest. Discussion: According to existing data the increase of Hb in young TM ranges from 4.9% to 12.5% and Ht from 4.4% to 17.6%, whereas in our case it varied 23% and 27%, respectively. The average HDLc drop between 3 and 24 months of T use is, respectively, -6,5 and -8,5 mg/dL, less than what is found in this report (-13 mg/dL). Cis women’s BMD decreases around 2% in lumbar spine, 1,4% in total hip and the MM shows reduction of 1lb 5,2oz during first year of climateric. Young cis women and men present an increase in SBP during ET around 34.0% and 39.8%, respectively, and in the third minute of recovery a drop around 20.6% and 23.4%. HR drops from 60.5 to 64.53 bpm in the third minute of rest and higher recoveries are associated with better parasympathetic reactivation and lower mortality. Conclusion: TM over 50 yo seems to present higher increase of Hb/HT and decrease of HDLc when compared to younger TM. The ET findings after 1 year of T might be a consequence of enlarged cardiac chambers, increased systolic volume and peripheral vascular resistance. TM who start T over 50 yo may need more careful CV screening.

Long-term softening of surface and buried hard seeds of yellow serradella grown in a range of environments

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 673 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Revell ◽  
G. B. Taylor ◽  
P. S. Cocks
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
First Year ◽  
Mediterranean Environment ◽  
The Third ◽  
Hard Seeds ◽  
Ornithopus Compressus ◽  
Alternating Temperature ◽  
One Year

A 3-year field experiment was conducted to investigate seed softening in yellow serradella (Ornithopus compressus L.) in a low rainfall Mediterranean environment at Merredin, Western Australia. The study examined seeds of 4 accessions of serradella from separate growing sites (Pindar, Merredin, and Badgingarra), and included the effect of pod burial (only for accessions grown at Merredin). Pods were placed on the soil surface in December 1992 and sampled in March, June, and October for the next 3 years. Burial treatments (2 and 6 cm beneath the surface) commenced in June 1993 after pods had been on the soil surface for one summer. Samples were collected in June for the next 2 years. Softening of seeds over the first summer in the field was compared with that obtained in the laboratory with 16 weeks at a diurnally alternating temperature of 60/15ºC. Few seeds of any accession softened (generally <6%) at the soil surface during the first summer but the rate of softening increased over the next 2 years. The highest annual rate of softening was about 55% in the third year in accessions GEH72-1A and GEH72-2A. Accession of serradella hadmore influence on pattern of seed softening than site at which seeds were produced. Burial of pods at 2 cm markedly accelerated seed softening in all strains, particularly GEH72-1A and cv. Madeira, in which over 95% of hard seeds softened during the first year of burial. Softening at 6 cm was similar to that at the soil surface. Shallow burial of pods, as would occur during cereal cropping in one year,could improve regeneration of serradella, but reduce the longevity of its seed bank. Laboratory treatment at 60/15ºC generally over-estimated field softening during the first summer.The spread of germination in time in laboratory tests differed between accessions and was much wider in GEH72-2A than in others, extending up to 35 days. Such behaviour could provide insurance against total seedling loss following false breaks of season.

Clover and crop production under 13- to 15-year-old Pinus radiata

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (98) ◽  
pp. 362 ◽  
Author(s):  
GW Anderson ◽  
FE Batini
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
First Year ◽  
Adjacent Area ◽  
The Third ◽  
One Year ◽  
Seed Yields

A thirteen-year-old Pinus radiata plantation was thinned to 143 or 261 stems ha-1 and pruned to 6 m at Mundaring, Western Australia. The production of the Daliak, Seaton Park and Woogenellup cultivars of subterranean clover sown under the trees and on an adjacent area under pasture only was measured for two years. The yields of oats and lupins sown for two successive years following one year of clover pasture were also measured. No seedling establishment problems were encountered and healthy, productive pastures resulted. In the first year, Daliak was inferior to the other cultivars for both herbage and seed production. Seed yields were highest under the low tree density. By the third growing season herbage yields had fallen under the trees to 84% of the control pastures (4800 kg ha-1) at 143 stems ha-1 and 68% at 261 stems ha-1. The yields of oats were usually higher on the control plots but those of lupins seldom so.

Second Autologous Transplants for Multiple Myeloma (MM) Relapse After a Prior Autologous Transplant (AHCT) – a Report From the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR)

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 504-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman A Saad ◽  
David H. Vesole ◽  
Jennifer Le-Rademacher ◽  
Xiaobo Zhong ◽  
Angela Dispenzieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Conditioning Regimen ◽  
Marrow Transplant ◽  
First Year ◽  
The Third ◽  
One Year

Abstract Abstract 504 Background: There is limited data on the outcomes of AHCT for MM as a salvage approach following relapse after an initial (upfront) AHCT. We analyzed the outcomes of second salvage AHCT for relapsed MM. Methods: From the CIBMTR database we identified 187 patients (63% male) who had second AHCT (AHCT2) as salvage for MM relapsing after a prior AHCT (AHCT1). Planned tandem AHCT and AHCT2 within 6 months after AHCT1 were excluded. Cumulative incidence of relapse, non-relapse mortality (NRM) and the probabilities of progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed and multivariate analysis performed using proportional hazards models. Results: Median age at transplant was 57 (range 28–72) and 59 years (range 28–74) respectively at AHCT1 and AHCT2 respectively. Median follow up after AHCT2 was 47 months (range: 3–97). The proportion of IgG, IgA and free light chain subtypes was 48, 20 and 18% respectively. Durie Salmon stage at diagnosis was stage I (6%), II (21%), III (59%) respectively. Seven and 13% had serum creatinine > 1.5 mg/dl at AHCT1 and AHCT2 respectively. Conditioning regimen was single agent melphalan was in 78% and 84% for AHCT1 and AHCT2 respectively. At the time of AHCT2, majority (60%) were chemotherapy resistant compared with 80% patients with sensitive disease prior to AHCT1. Median time from AHCT1 to relapse was 18 months, with 32% relapsing within the first year, 29% in the second year, 19% in the third year and 19% beyond the third year after AHCT1. There was heterogeneity in the time to AHCT2 after relapse although 67% had AHCT2 within a year after relapse (median 7 months). Median between AHCT1 and AHCT2 was 32 months with the majority (69%) beyond 24 months. After AHCT2, day 28 engraftment rates of neutrophils and platelets were 96% (95% CI: 93–98) and 88% (95% CI: 83–92). Complete remission (CR) rates after AHCT1 were 43% whereas it was only 25% following AHCT2. After AHCT2, cumulative incidence of relapse at 1, 3 and 5 years was 51, 82, and 91% respectively. After AHCT2, one year NRM was 2%. PFS was 47%, 13% and 5% and OS was 83%, 46% and 29% at 1, 3 and 5 years respectively. In multivariate analysis, those relapsing within 36 months of AHCT1 had a higher risk of relapse (HR 1.58, p = 0.036) and higher risk of treatment failure and inferior PFS (HR1.52, p= 0.04). Mortality was higher for those relapsing early after AHCT1 (<36 months, HR 1.91, p = 0.02). OS was superior and mortality lower for AHCT2 performed after 2004-08 (HR 0.61, p=0.02). Conclusion: AHCT2 can be safely performed in relapsed MM with the best outcomes observed in later relapses (>36 months from AHCT1). OS has improved since 2004, but NRM, relapse and PFS after AHCT2 were not impacted by year of AHCT2. Thus the improved OS likely reflects greater availability of novel agents for post AHCT progression. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Variation in lung function is associated with worse clinical outcomes in cystic fibrosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 509-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Paulo Heinzmann-Filho ◽  
Leonardo Araujo Pinto ◽  
Paulo José Cauduro Marostica ◽  
Márcio Vinícius Fagundes Donadio
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
First Year ◽  
The Third ◽  
One Year ◽  
Fev1 Decline

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the variation in lung function over one year is associated with worse clinical outcomes, as well as with a decline in lung function in the following years, in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). METHODS: This was a retrospective study involving CF patients (4-19 years of age), evaluated over a three-year period. We evaluated demographic characteristics, chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, antibiotic use, hospitalization, six-minute walk distance (6MWD), and lung function. The inclusion criterion was having undergone pulmonary function testing at least three times in the first year and at least once in each of the next two years. RESULTS: We evaluated 35 CF patients. The variation in FEV1 in the first year (FEV1) was greater among those who, in the third year, showed reduced FEV1, had a below-average 6MWD, or were hospitalized than among those with normal FEV1, normal 6MWD, or no hospital admissions, in that same year (p < 0.05), although no such difference was found for antibiotic use in the third year. Subjects showing a FEV1 ≥ 10% also showed a greater decline in FEV1 over the two subsequent years (p = 0.04). The FEV1 also showed an inverse correlation with absolute FEV1 in the third year (r = −0.340, p = 0.04) and with the rate of FEV1 decline (r = −0.52, p = 0.001). Linear regression identified FEV1 as a predictor of FEV1 decline (coefficient of determination, 0.27). CONCLUSIONS: Significant variation in lung function over one year seems to be associated with a higher subsequent rate of FEV1 decline and worse clinical outcomes in CF patients. Short-term FEV1 might prove useful as a predictor of CF progression in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Functional improvement in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis undergoing single lung transplantation

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adalberto Sperb Rubin ◽  
Douglas Zaione Nascimento ◽  
Letícia Sanchez ◽  
Guilherme Watte ◽  
Arthur Rodrigo Ronconi Holand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Lung Transplantation ◽  
Functional Improvement ◽  
First Year ◽  
Single Lung Transplantation ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

AbstractObjective: To evaluate the changes in lung function in the first year after single lung transplantation in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).Methods: We retrospectively evaluated patients with IPF who underwent single lung transplantation between January of 2006 and December of 2012, reviewing the changes in the lung function occurring during the first year after the procedure.Results: Of the 218 patients undergoing lung transplantation during the study period, 79 (36.2%) had IPF. Of those 79 patients, 24 (30%) died, and 11 (14%) did not undergo spirometry at the end of the first year. Of the 44 patients included in the study, 29 (66%) were men. The mean age of the patients was 57 years. Before transplantation, mean FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC ratio were 1.78 L (50% of predicted), 1.48 L (52% of predicted), and 83%, respectively. In the first month after transplantation, there was a mean increase of 12% in FVC (400 mL) and FEV1 (350 mL). In the third month after transplantation, there were additional increases, of 5% (170 mL) in FVC and 1% (50 mL) in FEV1. At the end of the first year, the functional improvement persisted, with a mean gain of 19% (620 mL) in FVC and 16% (430 mL) in FEV1.Conclusions: Single lung transplantation in IPF patients who survive for at least one year provides significant and progressive benefits in lung function during the first year. This procedure is an important therapeutic alternative in the management of IPF.

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