Athens Ring Road (Attiki Odos)1

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. Eades ◽  
George (Yiorgos) Allayannis ◽  
Minas Terlidis
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Southeastern Europe ◽  
Project Financing ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
Ring Road ◽  
The Road ◽  
Major Metropolitan Area ◽  
Infrastructure Finance ◽  
Financial Environment

The case examines one of the most significant infrastructure projects in southeastern Europe during a time when the legal and financial environment for project financing was in its infancy (early to mid-1990s). Athens needed a ring road to support its bid to host the 2004 Olympic Games. The road was technically—as well as logistically—complex, involving 33 municipalities and construction that involved a major metropolitan area (Athens) populated by more than 3.5 million inhabitants. The case examines the economics of the project, how private-public partnerships (PPPs) are structured, and the broader field of infrastructure finance.

Distribution of resources in the road complex: the mechanism of return on investments (on the example of Novokuznetsk)

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
Vitaliy Alexandrovich Buyvis ◽  
◽  
Alexey Viktorovich Novichikhin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Return On Investment ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
Effective Demand ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Ring Road ◽  
The Road ◽  
Cargo Delivery ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
Delivery Routes ◽  
Expert Assessments

The procedure for selecting the mechanism of return on investment in infrastructure projects implemented in the road complex with the use of public-private partnership (PPP) mechanisms is proposed. The procedure contains an algorithm for adjusting routes to determine the amount of expected effective demand. The algorithm for adjusting cargo delivery routes eliminates the subjectivity of the estimates obtained and the possibility of manipulating the parameters of PPP projects when determining the expected effective demand for travel. To determine the effectiveness of the proposed procedure in this paper, a comparison is made with the method of calculating the value of the expected effective demand by the method of expert assessments. The problem is solved on the example of the project to improve the technical level and operational condition of the Novokuznetsk Ring Road.

Ambientalismo costruttivo. Il miglioramento della Tangenziale sud di Bergamo

TERRITORIO ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 126-203
Author(s):  
Marco Adriano Perletti
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Area ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
The South ◽  
Road Infrastructure ◽  
Ring Road ◽  
The Road ◽  
Del Rio ◽  
The Impact

- The project for the south of the Bergamo motorway ring road is the result of a commitment to problems of mobility which Wwf Italy has intensified in recent years. As a result of an initiative taken by the Bergamo Wwf, a master plan was studied for the area in 2007 to identify possible measures to lessen the impact of the road infrastructure by means of forestation and redevelopment with vegetation. The proposal has involved municipal and provincial administrations so that they can learn the contents and concretely implement this green project. As a result of further study of the project conducted by one of the municipalities concerned, the Region of Lombardy granted funding for a contract tender entitled ‘10,000 hectares of new woodland and multi-functional parkland', to be used to implement an initial lot of the project. The work planned and recently started will be completed by the end of 2010 and will constitute the start of a long process of environmental and landscape redevelopment which should be followed by other intervention in the agricultural area of Plis del rio Morla and Rogge.

Contextual Influences on Consumer Price Responses: An Experimental Analysis

1980 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric N. Berkowitz ◽  
John R. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Contextual Influences ◽  
Semantic Cues ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Major Metropolitan Area ◽  
Price Perceptions ◽  
Positive Results

Presentation of price is a common form of retail advertising. The authors examine the influences of semantic, comparison, and store name cues on consumer price perceptions. The research, unlike earlier student-based pricing studies, involved 562 consumers from a major metropolitan area who were each exposed to one of 16 treatment conditions. Results indicate comparison cues produce positive results, whereas the effect of semantic cues depends on the particular stimulus. Findings underscore the necessity for broader price research beyond traditional quality implications and wider representation of product types.

scholarly journals Factors related to road system organisation and its association with mortality due to motor vehicle-pedestrian collisions in Guadalajara Metropolitan Area

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-278
Author(s):  
Melva Guadalupe Herrera-Godina ◽  
Berenice Martínez-Melendres ◽  
Hiram René Novelo-Ramírez ◽  
Julio Cesar Dávalos-Guzmán ◽  
Alfredo Celis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Urban Network ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Multiple Theory ◽  
Road System

IntroductionTraffic events are one of the five leading causes of mortality in Mexico. Pedestrians are one of the main road users involved in such incidents and have the highest mortality rate, which is regularly analysed in relation to vehicles and pedestrians, but not the built environment. The purpose of this study was to analyse the elements of the road system organisation that influences the mortality rate of pedestrians hit by motor vehicles in the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area.MethodWe designed a case and control study in which the cases were sites where a pedestrian died during 2012. The controls were sites close to where the death occurred, as well as those with road infrastructure characteristics similar to those where the events took place. We obtained the pedestrian data from the death certificates and assessed some of the environmental elements of the road sites. A logistic regression analysis was used to estimate OR; 95% CI.ResultsRoad system factors related with pedestrian mortality in close locations were: the presence of bus stops on intersections in one street or both, and road system features, such as the presence of traffic islands, vehicle flow and pedestrian flow.ConclusionsAccording to the urban network theory and multiple theory, the final elements resulted as risk factors due to a fault in connectivity between the nodes. A temporal analysis of urban features will help urban planners make decisions regarding the safety of pedestrians and other road users.

scholarly journals Understanding Air Pollution from Induced Traffic during and after the Construction of a New Highway: Case Study of Highway 25 in Montreal

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Shohel Reza Amin ◽  
Umma Tamima ◽  
Luis Amador Jimenez
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Air Contaminants ◽  
Construction Period ◽  
Close Vicinity ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

This study demonstrates through a case study that detailed analyses, even after the construction of a project, are feasible using current technologies and available data. A case study of highway 25 is used to illustrate the method and verify the levels of air contaminants from additionally induced traffic during and after the construction of highway. Natural traffic growth was removed from the effect of observed gas emissions by comparing observed levels on other further locations in the same metropolitan area. This study estimates air pollution from the additional traffic during and after the construction of A-25 extension project. NO2 levels were spatially interpolated during peak and off-peak hour traffic and traffic density simulated on the road network for four scenarios. Comparing the four scenarios, it was found that levels of NO2 concentrations were reduced at neighbor areas due to less traffic during the construction period. Levels of NO2 after the construction were higher than those in 2008. The simulated traffic density for four scenarios revealed that traffic density was significantly increased on both arterial and access roads within the close vicinity of the extension project during and after its construction.

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