scholarly journals Submillisecond X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy from a pixel array detector with fast dual gating and no readout dead-time

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingteng Zhang ◽  
Eric M. Dufresne ◽  
Pawel Grybos ◽  
Piotr Kmon ◽  
Piotr Maj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dead Time ◽  
Photon Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Photon Correlation ◽  
Simple Diffusion ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pixel Array ◽  
Pixel Array Detector

Small-angle scattering X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) studies were performed using a novel photon-counting pixel array detector with dual counters for each pixel. Each counter can be read out independently from the other to ensure there is no readout dead-time between the neighboring frames. A maximum frame rate of 11.8 kHz was achieved. Results on test samples show good agreement with simple diffusion. The potential of extending the time resolution of XPCS beyond the limit set by the detector frame rate using dual counters is also discussed.

scholarly journals X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy using a fast pixel array detector with a grid mask resolution enhancer

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 988-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taiki Hoshino ◽  
Moriya Kikuchi ◽  
Daiki Murakami ◽  
Yoshiko Harada ◽  
Koji Mitamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photon Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Photon Correlation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pixel Array ◽  
Pixel Array Detector

scholarly journals Sub-microsecond-resolved multi-speckle X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy with a pixel array detector

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1408-1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingteng Zhang ◽  
Eric M. Dufresne ◽  
Suresh Narayanan ◽  
Piotr Maj ◽  
Anna Koziol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Photon Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Photon Correlation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Burst Mode ◽  
Pixel Array ◽  
Pixel Array Detector

Small-angle X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) measurements spanning delay times from 826 ns to 52.8 s were performed using a photon-counting pixel array detector with a dynamic range of 0–3 (2 bits). Fine resolution and a wide dynamic range of time scales was achieved by combining two modes of operation of the detector: (i) continuous mode, where data acquisition and data readout are performed in parallel with a frame acquisition time of 19.36 µs, and (ii) burst mode, where 12 frames are acquired with frame integration times of either 2.56 µs frame−1or 826 ns frame−1followed by 3.49 ms or 1.16 ms, respectively, for readout. The applicability of the detector for performing multi-speckle XPCS was demonstrated by measuring the Brownian dynamics of 10 nm-radius gold and 57 nm-radius silica colloids in water at room temperature. In addition, the capability of the detector to faithfully record one- and two-photon counts was examined by comparing the statistical distribution of photon counts with expected probabilities from the negative binomial distribution. It was found that in burst mode the ratio of 2 s to 1 s is markedly smaller than predicted and that this is attributable to pixel-response dead-time.

scholarly journals Ultra-small-angle X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy using the Eiger detector

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1753-1759 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Zinn ◽  
A. Homs ◽  
L. Sharpnack ◽  
G Tinti ◽  
E Fröjdh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
Photon Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Photon Correlation ◽  
X Ray

Successful implementation of the single-photon-counting Eiger 500k pixel array detector for sub-millisecond X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) measurements in the ultra-small-angle scattering region is reported. The performance is demonstrated by measuring the dynamics of dilute silica colloids in aqueous solvents when the detector is operated at different counter depths, 4, 8 and 12 bit. In the fastest mode involving 4 bit parallel readout, a stable frame rate of 22 kHz is obtained that enabled measurement of intensity–intensity autocorrelation functions with good statistics down to the 50 µs range for a sample with sufficient scattering power. The high frame rate and spatial resolution together with large number of pixels of the detector facilitate the investigation of sub-millisecond dynamics over a broad length scale by multispeckle XPCS. This is illustrated by an example involving phoretic motion of colloids during the phase separation of the solvent.

scholarly journals Distributed X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy data reduction using Hadoop MapReduce

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 1135-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal Khan ◽  
Suresh Narayanan ◽  
Roger Sersted ◽  
Nicholas Schwarz ◽  
Alec Sandy
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Photon Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
Complex Materials ◽  
Photon Correlation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Recent Developments

Multi-speckle X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) is a powerful technique for characterizing the dynamic nature of complex materials over a range of time scales. XPCS has been successfully applied to study a wide range of systems. Recent developments in higher-frame-rate detectors, while aiding in the study of faster dynamical processes, creates large amounts of data that require parallel computational techniques to process in near real-time. Here, an implementation of the multi-tau and two-time autocorrelation algorithms using the Hadoop MapReduce framework for distributed computing is presented. The system scales well with regard to the increase in the data size, and has been serving the users of beamline 8-ID-I at the Advanced Photon Source for near real-time autocorrelations for the past five years.

scholarly journals Feasibility study of visibility-based X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C291-C291
Author(s):  
Ichiro Inoue ◽  
Yuya Shinohara ◽  
Akira Watanabe ◽  
Yoshiyuki Amemiya
Keyword(s):  
Time Resolution ◽  
Photon Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Speckle Pattern ◽  
Colloidal Suspensions ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Photon Correlation ◽  
X Ray

When coherent X-rays impinge upon a disordered system, a grainy scattering pattern called speckle pattern is observed. If the system evolves with time, the corresponding speckle pattern also changes. Temporal changes in the speckle patterns therefore provide information on the dynamics of the system. This technique, which is called X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) [1], has shown the potential to access dynamic properties of various materials, such as colloidal suspensions, block copolymer, supercooled liquids, alloys, and antiferromagnetic materials. Although XPCS is a powerful technique for material science as recent studies show, it has a limitation of time resolution: dynamics faster than the frame rate of detector cannot be measured. When a two-dimensional (2D) detector is used in XPCS, the time resolution is limited to the order of milliseconds. For improving the time resolution of XPCS, we have extended speckle visibility spectroscopy (SVS) in the region of visible light [2] to the region of X-rays (X-ray SVS; XSVS) [3]. Since the minimum exposure time of the scattering patterns determines the time resolutions of XSVS and SVS, micro- or nano- second dynamics can be measured even with a 2D detector. Thus, XSVS has potential to bridge the time gap between XPCS and inelastic neutron/X-ray scattering techniques, and will be one of the promising tools for various science with the next generation synchrotron X-ray sources, such as diffraction limited storage rings and energy recovery linac based X-ray sources. In this presentation, we will describe the principle of XSVS and show the result of the application of XSVS to Brownian colloidal suspensions. This study was performed under the approval of JASRI (2011A1112, 2011B1131). We acknowledge Drs. N. Yagi and N. Ohta for their kind support in performing experiments.

scholarly journals 20 µs-resolved high-throughput X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy on a 500k pixel detector enabled by data-management workflow

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-265
Author(s):  
Qingteng Zhang ◽  
Eric M. Dufresne ◽  
Yasukazu Nakaye ◽  
Pete R. Jemian ◽  
Takuto Sakumura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Management ◽  
Photon Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
Pixel Detector ◽  
Photon Correlation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Area Detector ◽  
Workflow System ◽  
Photon Source

The performance of the new 52 kHz frame rate Rigaku XSPA-500k detector was characterized on beamline 8-ID-I at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne for X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) applications. Due to the large data flow produced by this detector (0.2 PB of data per 24 h of continuous operation), a workflow system was deployed that uses the Advanced Photon Source data-management (DM) system and high-performance software to rapidly reduce area-detector data to multi-tau and two-time correlation functions in near real time, providing human-in-the-loop feedback to experimenters. The utility and performance of the workflow system are demonstrated via its application to a variety of small-angle XPCS measurements acquired from different detectors in different XPCS measurement modalities. The XSPA-500k detector, the software and the DM workflow system allow for the efficient acquisition and reduction of up to ∼109 area-detector data frames per day, facilitating the application of XPCS to measuring samples with weak scattering and fast dynamics.

scholarly journals Pushing x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy beyond the continuous frame rate limit

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric M. Dufresne ◽  
Suresh Narayanan ◽  
Alec R. Sandy ◽  
David M. Kline ◽  
Qingteng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photon Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
Photon Correlation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Continuous Frame ◽  
Rate Limit

scholarly journals From Femtoseconds to Hours–Measuring Dynamics over 18 Orders of Magnitude with Coherent X-rays

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 6179
Author(s):  
Felix Lehmkühler ◽  
Wojciech Roseker ◽  
Gerhard Grübel
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Free Electron Laser ◽  
Photon Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Coherent Scattering ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Photon Correlation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scattering Technique

X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) enables the study of sample dynamics between micrometer and atomic length scales. As a coherent scattering technique, it benefits from the increased brilliance of the next-generation synchrotron radiation and Free-Electron Laser (FEL) sources. In this article, we will introduce the XPCS concepts and review the latest developments of XPCS with special attention on the extension of accessible time scales to sub-μs and the application of XPCS at FELs. Furthermore, we will discuss future opportunities of XPCS and the related technique X-ray speckle visibility spectroscopy (XSVS) at new X-ray sources. Due to its particular signal-to-noise ratio, the time scales accessible by XPCS scale with the square of the coherent flux, allowing to dramatically extend its applications. This will soon enable studies over more than 18 orders of magnitude in time by XPCS and XSVS.

scholarly journals Grain Growth and Coarsening Dynamics in a Compositionally Asymmetric Block Copolymer Revealed by X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (19) ◽  
pp. 8233-8243
Author(s):  
Ronald M. Lewis ◽  
Grayson L. Jackson ◽  
Michael J. Maher ◽  
Kyungtae Kim ◽  
Suresh Narayanan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Copolymer ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Photon Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Photon Correlation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Coarsening Dynamics

scholarly journals Atomic Migration Studies with X-Ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 73-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Stana ◽  
Manuel Ross ◽  
Bogdan Sepiol
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Short Range Order ◽  
Photon Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Condensed Matter ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Photon Correlation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Amorphous Systems

The new technique of atomic-scale X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (aXPCS) makesuse of a coherent X-ray beam to study the dynamics of various processes in condensed matter systems.Particularly atomistic migration mechanisms are still far from being understood in most of intermetallicalloys and in amorphous systems. Special emphasis must be given to the opportunity to measureatomistic diffusion at relatively low temperatures where such measurements were far out of reach withpreviously established methods. The importance of short-range order is demonstrated on the basis ofMonte Carlo simulations.

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