Combining CXMD and XSW to study magnetic and geometric properties of thin films: Gd/Fe(100)

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Treusch ◽  
W. Drube ◽  
G. Materlik
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Geometric Structure ◽  
High Flux ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Magnetic Polarization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Magnetic Dichroism

The magnetic and geometric structure of 1–5 monolayers (ML) of Gd on Fe(100) single crystals has been investigated using synchrotron X-rays between 4 and 8 keV. Choosing a high-flux wiggler beamline made it possible to analyse the magnetic properties by studying the circular X-ray magnetic dichroism (CXMD) and, in addition, to apply the X-ray standing-wave (XSW) technique to elucidate the geometric structure of the overlayers. CXMD reveals that Gd couples antiferromagnetically to the Fe substrate and that 2 ML Gd at 243 K yield a magnetization of ∼22% with respect to the saturation value of a thick Gd foil at 123 K. A magnetic polarization of the Gd pertains even at 308 K. While LEED investigations do not show any long-range lateral order of the Gd film, XSW measurements reveal an ordering of Gd perpendicular to the (100) surface of Fe.

MAGNETIC DICHROISM UNDER EXCITATION BY UNPOLARIZED RADIATION

1997 ◽  
Vol 04 (05) ◽  
pp. 919-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. FANELSA ◽  
R. SCHELLENBERG ◽  
F. U. HILLEBRECHT ◽  
E. KISKER
Keyword(s):  
Angular Distribution ◽  
Geometric Structure ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Emission Angle ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Strong Variation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Photoelectron Diffraction ◽  
Magnetic Dichroism ◽  
Unpolarized Radiation

Magnetic dichroism has been observed in the angular distribution of p-core level photoemission spectra excited from crystalline ferromagnets by unpolarized X-rays. The angular dependence of the angular and energy-resolved photoemission intensity was recorded as a function of the emission direction with respect to the crystal, revealing a strong variation of the magnetic dichroism with emission angle due to photoelectron diffraction. This variation is particularly strong around the forward scattering peaks, including sign reversals close to these directions. The results demonstrate that any standard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy apparatus possesses the potential for combined analysis of surface magnetic structure and geometric structure in a chemically specific way.

scholarly journals RESONANT MAGNETIC SCATTERING OF POLARIZED SOFT X-RAYS

2000 ◽  
Vol 07 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 175-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAURIZIO SACCHI
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Elastic Scattering ◽  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Energy Range ◽  
Magnetic Scattering ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Magnetic Devices ◽  
Recent Extension

Resonant elastic scattering of polarized X-rays is a powerful technique for the study of the magnetic properties of solids. Its recent extension to the soft X-ray energy range has been driven by applications in the field of artificially structured magnetic devices, like multilayers and superlattices. This article reviews recent elastic scattering experiments using synchrotron radiation, performed at the 2p core resonances of transition metals in solids, thin films and ordered multilayers.

Effect of Annealing temperature on the Structural and Magnetic Properties of TbxY3-xFe5O12(x = 0.0, 1.0, 2.0) Thin Films Prepared by Sol-Gel Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 501 ◽  
pp. 236-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ftema W. Aldbea ◽  
Noor Bahyah Ibrahim ◽  
Mustafa Hj. Abdullah ◽  
Ramadan E. Shaiboub
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Vibrating Sample Magnetometer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Garnet Phase ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Amorphous Structures

Thin films nanoparticles TbxY3-xFe5O12 (x=0.0, 1.0, 2.0) were prepared by the sol-gel process followed by annealing process at various annealing temperatures of 700° C, 800° C and 900° C in air for 2 h. The results obtained from X-ray diffractometer (XRD) show that the films annealed below 900°C exhibit peaks of garnet mixed with small amounts of YFeO3 and Fe2O3. Pure garnet phase has been detected in the films annealed at 900°C. Before annealing the films show amorphous structures. The particles sizes measurement using the field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) showed that the particles sizes increased as the annealing temperature increased. The magnetic properties were measured at room temperature using the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The saturation magnetization (Ms) of the films also increased with the annealing temperature. However, different behavior of coercivity (Hc) has been observed as the annealing temperature was increased.

scholarly journals Al-driven peculiarities of local coordination and magnetic properties in single-phase Alx-CrFeCoNi high-entropy alloys

Nano Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alevtina Smekhova ◽  
Alexei Kuzmin ◽  
Konrad Siemensmeyer ◽  
Chen Luo ◽  
Kai Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Magnetic Circular Dichroism ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Entropy ◽  
X Ray Absorption ◽  
Absorption Edges

AbstractModern design of superior multi-functional alloys composed of several principal components requires in-depth studies of their local structure for developing desired macroscopic properties. Herein, peculiarities of atomic arrangements on the local scale and electronic states of constituent elements in the single-phase face-centered cubic (fcc)- and body-centered cubic (bcc)-structured high-entropy Alx-CrFeCoNi alloys (x = 0.3 and 3, respectively) are explored by element-specific X-ray absorption spectroscopy in hard and soft X-ray energy ranges. Simulations based on the reverse Monte Carlo approach allow to perform a simultaneous fit of extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectra recorded at K absorption edges of each 3d constituent and to reconstruct the local environment within the first coordination shells of absorbers with high precision. The revealed unimodal and bimodal distributions of all five elements are in agreement with structure-dependent magnetic properties of studied alloys probed by magnetometry. A degree of surface atoms oxidation uncovered by soft X-rays suggests different kinetics of oxide formation for each type of constituents and has to be taken into account. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism technique employed at L2.3 absorption edges of transition metals demonstrates reduced magnetic moments of 3d metal constituents in the sub-surface region of in situ cleaned fcc-structured Al0.3-CrFeCoNi compared to their bulk values. Extended to nanostructured versions of multicomponent alloys, such studies would bring new insights related to effects of high entropy mixing on low dimensions.

scholarly journals Effects of Perpendicular Magnetic Field Annealing on the Structural and Magnetic Properties of [Co/Ni]2/PtMn Thin Films

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Roshni Yadav ◽  
Chun-Hsien Wu ◽  
I-Fen Huang ◽  
Xu Li ◽  
Te-Ho Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Perpendicular Magnetic Field ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
Lattice Image ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Field Annealing ◽  
Face Centered

In this study, [Co/Ni]2/PtMn thin films with different PtMn thicknesses (2.7 to 32.4 nm) were prepared on Si/SiO2 substrates. The post-deposition perpendicular magnetic field annealing (MFA) processes were carried out to modify the structures and magnetic properties. The MFA process also induced strong interlayer diffusion, rendering a less sharp interface between Co and Ni and PtMn layers. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) lattice image analysis has shown that the films consisted of face-centered tetragonal (fct) PtMn (ordered by MFA), body-centered cubic (bcc) NiMn (due to intermixing), in addition to face-centered cubic (fcc) Co, Ni, and PtMn phases. The peak shift (2-theta from 39.9° to 40.3°) in X-ray diffraction spectra also confirmed the structural transition from fcc PtMn to fct PtMn after MFA, in agreement with those obtained by lattice images in TEM. The interdiffusion induced by MFA was also evidenced by the depth profile of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Further, the magnetic properties measured by vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) have shown an increased coercivity in MFA-treated samples. This is attributed to the presence of ordered fct PtMn, and NiMn phases exchange coupled to the ferromagnetic [Co/Ni]2 layers. The vertical shift (Mshift = −0.03 memu) of the hysteresis loops is ascribed to the pinned spins resulting from perpendicular MFA processes.

How to Use the Features of Total Reflection of X-Rays for Energy Dispersive XRF

1988 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Schwenke ◽  
W. Berneike ◽  
J. Knoth ◽  
U. Weisbrod
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Penetration Depth ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Total Reflection ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Respective Characteristic ◽  
Nanometer Regime ◽  
Sensitive Method

AbstractThe total reflection of X-rays is mainly determined by three parameters , that is the orltical angle, the reflectivity and the penetration depth. For X-ray fluorescence analysis the respective characteristic features can be exploited in two rather different fields of application. In the analysis of trace elements in samples placed as thin films on optical flats, detection limits as low as 2 pg or 0.05 ppb, respectively, have been obtained. In addition, a penetration depth in the nanometer regime renders Total Reflection XRF an inherently sensitive method for the elemental analysis of surfaces. This paper outlines the main physical and constructional parameters for instrumental design and quantitation in both branches of TXRF.

X-ray examination, electrical and magnetic properties of R3Co single crystals (R ≡ Y, Gd, Dy and Ho)

1988 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Talik ◽  
J. Szade ◽  
J. Heimann ◽  
A. Winiarska ◽  
A. Winiarski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electrical And Magnetic Properties
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