scholarly journals Endosidin20 Targets the Cellulose Synthase Catalytic Domain to Inhibit Cellulose Biosynthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 2141-2157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Huang ◽  
Xiaohui Li ◽  
Weiwei Zhang ◽  
Nolan Ung ◽  
Nana Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Domain ◽  
Cellulose Synthase ◽  
Cellulose Biosynthesis

scholarly journals Inhibition of cell expansion enhances cortical microtubule stability in the root apex of Arabidopsis thaliana

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Giourieva ◽  
Emmanuel Panteris
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Cortical Microtubule ◽  
Root Apex ◽  
Cellulose Synthase ◽  
Cellulose Biosynthesis ◽  
Cortical Microtubules ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Microtubule Stability

Abstract Background Cortical microtubules regulate cell expansion by determining cellulose microfibril orientation in the root apex of Arabidopsis thaliana. While the regulation of cell wall properties by cortical microtubules is well studied, the data on the influence of cell wall to cortical microtubule organization and stability remain scarce. Studies on cellulose biosynthesis mutants revealed that cortical microtubules depend on Cellulose Synthase A (CESA) function and/or cell expansion. Furthermore, it has been reported that cortical microtubules in cellulose-deficient mutants are hypersensitive to oryzalin. In this work, the persistence of cortical microtubules against anti-microtubule treatment was thoroughly studied in the roots of several cesa mutants, namely thanatos, mre1, any1, prc1-1 and rsw1, and the Cellulose Synthase Interacting 1 protein (csi1) mutant pom2-4. In addition, various treatments with drugs affecting cell expansion were performed on wild-type roots. Whole mount tubulin immunolabeling was applied in the above roots and observations were performed by confocal microscopy. Results Cortical microtubules in all mutants showed statistically significant increased persistence against anti-microtubule drugs, compared to those of the wild-type. Furthermore, to examine if the enhanced stability of cortical microtubules was due to reduced cellulose biosynthesis or to suppression of cell expansion, treatments of wild-type roots with 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (DCB) and Congo red were performed. After these treatments, cortical microtubules appeared more resistant to oryzalin, than in the control. Conclusions According to these findings, it may be concluded that inhibition of cell expansion, irrespective of the cause, results in increased microtubule stability in A. thaliana root. In addition, cell expansion does not only rely on cortical microtubule orientation but also plays a regulatory role in microtubule dynamics, as well. Various hypotheses may explain the increased cortical microtubule stability under decreased cell expansion such as the role of cell wall sensors and the presence of less dynamic cortical microtubules.

scholarly journals A mutation in the catalytic domain of cellulose synthase 6 halts its transport to the Golgi apparatus

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (21) ◽  
pp. 6071-6083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sungjin Park ◽  
Bo Song ◽  
Wei Shen ◽  
Shi-You Ding
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Catalytic Domain ◽  
Cellulose Synthase ◽  
Cellulose Synthesis ◽  
Normal Transport

D395N in the catalytic domain of CESA6 interrupts its normal transport to the Golgi, which hampers its function in cellulose synthesis.

scholarly journals Identification of a cellulose synthase-associated protein required for cellulose biosynthesis

2010 ◽  
Vol 107 (29) ◽  
pp. 12866-12871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Gu ◽  
N. Kaplinsky ◽  
M. Bringmann ◽  
A. Cobb ◽  
A. Carroll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Synthase ◽  
Cellulose Biosynthesis

scholarly journals Cloning of upstream region and cellulose synthase operon genes involved in bacterial cellulose biosynthesis by Gluconacetobacter hansenii ATCC23769

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (S4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Véspoli de Melo ◽  
Tatiana Souza-Moreira ◽  
Sandro Roberto Valentini ◽  
Cleslei Fernando Zanelli ◽  
Sidney José Lima Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Cellulose Synthase ◽  
Upstream Region ◽  
Cellulose Biosynthesis ◽  
Gluconacetobacter Hansenii

scholarly journals BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE2 negatively regulates cellulose synthesis in Arabidopsis by phosphorylating cellulose synthase 1

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (13) ◽  
pp. 3533-3538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Sánchez-Rodríguez ◽  
KassaDee Ketelaar ◽  
Rene Schneider ◽  
Jose A. Villalobos ◽  
Chris R. Somerville ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorylation Site ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Cellulose Synthase ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Primary Cell Wall ◽  
Cellulose Synthesis ◽  
Cellulose Biosynthesis ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Cellulose Synthase Complex ◽  
A Subunit

The deposition of cellulose is a defining aspect of plant growth and development, but regulation of this process is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the protein kinase BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE2 (BIN2), a key negative regulator of brassinosteroid (BR) signaling, can phosphorylate Arabidopsis cellulose synthase A1 (CESA1), a subunit of the primary cell wall cellulose synthase complex, and thereby negatively regulate cellulose biosynthesis. Accordingly, point mutations of the BIN2-mediated CESA1 phosphorylation site abolished BIN2-dependent regulation of cellulose synthase activity. Hence, we have uncovered a mechanism for how BR signaling can modulate cellulose synthesis in plants.

scholarly journals Updating Insights into the Catalytic Domain Properties of Plant Cellulose synthase (CesA) and Cellulose synthase-like (Csl) Proteins

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 4335
Author(s):  
Gerasimos Daras ◽  
Dimitris Templalexis ◽  
Fengoula Avgeri ◽  
Dikran Tsitsekian ◽  
Konstantina Karamanou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Catalytic Domain ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Cellulose Synthase ◽  
Protein Isoforms ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Cellulose Synthesis ◽  
Biotic Stresses

The wall is the last frontier of a plant cell involved in modulating growth, development and defense against biotic stresses. Cellulose and additional polysaccharides of plant cell walls are the most abundant biopolymers on earth, having increased in economic value and thereby attracted significant interest in biotechnology. Cellulose biosynthesis constitutes a highly complicated process relying on the formation of cellulose synthase complexes. Cellulose synthase (CesA) and Cellulose synthase-like (Csl) genes encode enzymes that synthesize cellulose and most hemicellulosic polysaccharides. Arabidopsis and rice are invaluable genetic models and reliable representatives of land plants to comprehend cell wall synthesis. During the past two decades, enormous research progress has been made to understand the mechanisms of cellulose synthesis and construction of the plant cell wall. A plethora of cesa and csl mutants have been characterized, providing functional insights into individual protein isoforms. Recent structural studies have uncovered the mode of CesA assembly and the dynamics of cellulose production. Genetics and structural biology have generated new knowledge and have accelerated the pace of discovery in this field, ultimately opening perspectives towards cellulose synthesis manipulation. This review provides an overview of the major breakthroughs gathering previous and recent genetic and structural advancements, focusing on the function of CesA and Csl catalytic domain in plants.

scholarly journals α-Glucosidase I is required for cellulose biosynthesis and morphogenesis in Arabidopsis

2002 ◽  
Vol 156 (6) ◽  
pp. 1003-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Stewart Gillmor ◽  
Patricia Poindexter ◽  
Justin Lorieau ◽  
Monica M. Palcic ◽  
Chris Somerville
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cellulose Synthase ◽  
Crystalline Cellulose ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Enzyme Assays ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Cellulose Biosynthesis ◽  
Catalytic Subunits ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Protein Storage Vacuoles

Novel mutations in the RSW1 and KNOPF genes were identified in a large-scale screen for mutations that affect cell expansion in early Arabidopsis embryos. Embryos from both types of mutants were radially swollen with greatly reduced levels of crystalline cellulose, the principal structural component of the cell wall. Because RSW1 was previously shown to encode a catalytic subunit of cellulose synthase, the similar morphology of knf and rsw1-2 embryos suggests that the radially swollen phenotype of knf mutants is largely due to their cellulose deficiency. Map-based cloning of the KNF gene and enzyme assays of knf embryos demonstrated that KNF encodes α-glucosidase I, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in N-linked glycan processing. The strongly reduced cellulose content of knf mutants indicates that N-linked glycans are required for cellulose biosynthesis. Because cellulose synthase catalytic subunits do not appear to be N glycosylated, the N-glycan requirement apparently resides in other component(s) of the cellulose synthase machinery. Remarkably, cellular processes other than extracellular matrix biosynthesis and the formation of protein storage vacuoles appear unaffected in knf embryos. Thus in Arabidopsis cells, like yeast, N-glycan trimming is apparently required for the function of only a small subset of N-glycoproteins.

scholarly journals The Structure of the Catalytic Domain of a Plant Cellulose Synthase and Its Assembly into Dimers

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 2996-3009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna T. Olek ◽  
Catherine Rayon ◽  
Lee Makowski ◽  
Hyung Rae Kim ◽  
Peter Ciesielski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Domain ◽  
Cellulose Synthase
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