scholarly journals OsCASP1 is required for Casparian strip formation at endodermal cells of rice roots for selective uptake of mineral elements

2019 ◽  
pp. tpc.00296.2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhigang Wang ◽  
Naoki Yamaji ◽  
Sheng Huang ◽  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
Mingxing Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Selective Uptake ◽  
Rice Roots ◽  
Casparian Strip ◽  
Endodermal Cells ◽  
Strip Formation

scholarly journals The MYB36 transcription factor orchestrates Casparian strip formation

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (33) ◽  
pp. 10533-10538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takehiro Kamiya ◽  
Monica Borghi ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
John M. C. Danku ◽  
Lothar Kalmbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Casparian Strip ◽  
Strip Domain ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Casparian Strips ◽  
Endodermal Cells ◽  
Respiratory Burst Oxidase ◽  
Strip Formation

The endodermis in roots acts as a selectivity filter for nutrient and water transport essential for growth and development. This selectivity is enabled by the formation of lignin-based Casparian strips. Casparian strip formation is initiated by the localization of the Casparian strip domain proteins (CASPs) in the plasma membrane, at the site where the Casparian strip will form. Localized CASPs recruit Peroxidase 64 (PER64), a Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homolog F, and Enhanced Suberin 1 (ESB1), a dirigent-like protein, to assemble the lignin polymerization machinery. However, the factors that control both expression of the genes encoding this biosynthetic machinery and its localization to the Casparian strip formation site remain unknown. Here, we identify the transcription factor, MYB36, essential for Casparian strip formation. MYB36 directly and positively regulates the expression of the Casparian strip genes CASP1, PER64, and ESB1. Casparian strips are absent in plants lacking a functional MYB36 and are replaced by ectopic lignin-like material in the corners of endodermal cells. The barrier function of Casparian strips in these plants is also disrupted. Significantly, ectopic expression of MYB36 in the cortex is sufficient to reprogram these cells to start expressing CASP1–GFP, correctly localize the CASP1–GFP protein to form a Casparian strip domain, and deposit a Casparian strip-like structure in the cell wall at this location. These results demonstrate that MYB36 is controlling expression of the machinery required to locally polymerize lignin in a fine band in the cell wall for the formation of the Casparian strip.

scholarly journals Laccase3-based extracellular domain provides possible positional information for directing Casparian strip formation inArabidopsis

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (27) ◽  
pp. 15400-15402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhuang ◽  
Daqing Zuo ◽  
Yihan Tao ◽  
Huaqing Cai ◽  
Lei Li
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Tight Junction ◽  
Positional Information ◽  
Extracellular Domain ◽  
Multicopper Oxidase ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Membrane Domain ◽  
Casparian Strip ◽  
Endodermal Cells ◽  
Strip Formation

The Casparian strip (CS) is a tight junction-like structure formed by lignin impregnation on the walls of endodermal cells in plant roots. The CS membrane domain (CSDM), demarked by the CASP proteins, is important for orienting lignification enzymes. Here, we report that an endodermis-expressed multicopper oxidase, LACCASE3 (LAC3) inArabidopsis, locates to the interface between lignin domains and the cell wall during early CS development prior to CASP1 localizing to CSDMand eventually flanks the mature CS. Pharmacological perturbation of LAC3 causes dispersed localization of CASP1 and compensatory ectopic lignification. These results support the existence of a LAC3-based CS wall domain which coordinates with CSDMto provide bidirectional positional information that guides precise CS lignification.

scholarly journals Two chemically distinct root lignin barriers control solute and water balance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilhem Reyt ◽  
Priya Ramakrishna ◽  
Isai Salas-González ◽  
Satoshi Fujita ◽  
Ashley Love ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Pathway ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Casparian Strip ◽  
Transcriptional Reprogramming ◽  
Exogenous Cues ◽  
Endodermal Cells ◽  
Complex Polymer ◽  
Nutrient Homeostasis ◽  
Lignin Deposition

AbstractLignin is a complex polymer deposited in the cell wall of specialised plant cells, where it provides essential cellular functions. Plants coordinate timing, location, abundance and composition of lignin deposition in response to endogenous and exogenous cues. In roots, a fine band of lignin, the Casparian strip encircles endodermal cells. This forms an extracellular barrier to solutes and water and plays a critical role in maintaining nutrient homeostasis. A signalling pathway senses the integrity of this diffusion barrier and can induce over-lignification to compensate for barrier defects. Here, we report that activation of this endodermal sensing mechanism triggers a transcriptional reprogramming strongly inducing the phenylpropanoid pathway and immune signaling. This leads to deposition of compensatory lignin that is chemically distinct from Casparian strip lignin. We also report that a complete loss of endodermal lignification drastically impacts mineral nutrients homeostasis and plant growth.

A novel protein family mediates Casparian strip formation in the endodermis

Nature ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 473 (7347) ◽  
pp. 380-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Roppolo ◽  
Bert De Rybel ◽  
Valérie Dénervaud Tendon ◽  
Alexandre Pfister ◽  
Julien Alassimone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Family ◽  
Casparian Strip ◽  
Strip Formation ◽  
Novel Protein

Role of the cell surface in selection during transport of proteins from mother to foetus and newly born

1975 ◽  
Vol 271 (912) ◽  
pp. 395-410 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Selective Uptake ◽  
Specific Receptors ◽  
Endodermal Cells

The transport of immunoglobulins from mother to foetus and newly born mammal involves selective events which are independent of molecular size, related to immunoglobulin class, structure, and species of origin, and involve considerable protein degradation. Such events are briefly described as background information to a discussion of how selection of proteins might take place during transport across the cellular barriers concerned, namely the yolk sac splanchnopleur, chorio-allantoic placenta, and small intestine. Until recently the Brambell hypothesis has been the most favoured explanation. This implies that selection occurs intracellularly, within endodermal cells of the yolk sac splanchnopleur and small intestine, and within the syncytiotrophoblast of the chorio-allantoic placenta, of certain species. It also suggests that specific receptors are present which give attached proteins protection from degradation when the vesicles containing them fuse with lysosomes; such protected proteins are then liberated from the vesicle by exocytosis. This hypothesis is examined in the light of what is now known about the mechanism of uptake and transport of proteins by the endodermal cells and syncytiotrophoblast. It is suggested that rather than being an intracellular event, involving protection from proteolytic degradation, selection takes place at the cell surface. Evidence is presented, some direct and some circumstantial, that proteins may be selectively endocytosed by coated micropinocytotic vesicles, and non-selectively endocytosed through a complex apical canalicular system leading to macropinocytotic vesicle formation. In the small intestine of the suckling rat these two processes appear to be segregated, selective uptake occurring in the proximal half and non-selective uptake occurring in the distal half. In the endodermal cells of the rabbit yolk sac splanchnopleur, and by implication in the syncytiotrophoblast of man and monkey, it is suggested that both selective, and non-selective, uptake of protein occurs. Non-selective uptake into macropinocytotic vesicles is regarded as an event leading to complete degradation of all contained protein and functioning so as to supply the foetus and newly born mammal with essential amino acids. Selective uptake into coated micropinocytotic vesicles is regarded as an event leading to the transport of immunoglobulins across the cell without any contact with lysosomes, and functioning so as to supply the newly born mammal with protection against invasive organisms. Specific receptors are still required but only for the initial uptake and segregation of proteins into coated micropinocytotic vesicles. The role which the glycocalyx might have in such selective binding of proteins is considered and possible difficulties in characterization of specific receptors brought to light in view of the likely overwhelming need for non-specific binding to effect non-selective uptake.

Probable sites for passive movement of ions across the endodermis

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. B. Dumbroff ◽  
D. R. Peirson
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Passive Movement ◽  
General Picture ◽  
Effective Barrier ◽  
Casparian Strip ◽  
Endodermal Cells ◽  
The Relationship

The endodermis, with its associated Casparian strip, is generally believed to act as an effective barrier to the passive movement of ions from the cortex to the xylem in young roots. However, several workers have suggested that the functional integrity of the endodermis might be somewhat impaired with the emergence of branch roots from the pericycle, thus providing pathways for the mass flow of water and ions into the stele. The present work was undertaken to examine the validity of this hypothesis.Sections of lateral roots embedded in glycol methacrylate were stained and examined by fluorescence microscopy, and a general picture of the relationship between branch root development and concomitant changes in the endodermis emerged. The endodermal cells of the parent root were found to maintain a continuous, unbroken, suberized layer over the surface of a very young lateral root, but with continued elongation there is a period when formation of the Casparian strip lags behind division of endodermal cells. It appears likely that, at this stage, water and ions can enter the stele of the parent root by mass flow.

Radial widening of the Casparian strip follows induced radial expansion of endodermal cells

Planta ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 213 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki Yokoyama ◽  
Ichirou Karahara
Keyword(s):  
Radial Expansion ◽  
Casparian Strip ◽  
Endodermal Cells

Demonstration of a complete Casparian strip in Avena and Ipomoea by a fluorescent staining technique

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1869-1871 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Peirson ◽  
E. B. Dumbroff
Keyword(s):  
Staining Technique ◽  
New Combination ◽  
High Contrast ◽  
Fluorescent Staining ◽  
Casparian Strip ◽  
Casparian Strips ◽  
Endodermal Cells

A new combination of embedding material and high contrast stain has provided the means for demonstrating, photographically, tangential sections of endodermal cells showing complete Casparian strips.

Ultrastructural and functional similarity of the haustorial neckband of rust fungi and the Casparian strip of vascular plants

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (21) ◽  
pp. 2484-2489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michèle C. Heath
Keyword(s):  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Rust Fungi ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Acetate Solution ◽  
Transport Barrier ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Casparian Strip ◽  
Disulphonic Acid ◽  
Endodermal Cells

In susceptible hosts infected with rust fungi, an osmiophilic band, bridging the interface between host and parasite, is usually observed about midway along the haustorial neck. This neckband bears certain ultrastructural resemblances to the Casparian strip of endodermal cells, and the possible similarity in function as a barrier to apoplastic transport was investigated using 4-acetamido, 4′-isothiocyanostilbene-2, 2′-disulphonic acid (SITS) and uranyl acetate solutions. Both these reagents appeared to travel along host and fungal walls but did not readily penetrate the protoplasts of either organism.When rust-infected cowpea leaves were infiltrated with SITS reagent, haustoria in broken cells fluoresced as brightly as the walls of both intercellular hyphae and host cells. Mature haustoria in intact cells, however, did not fluoresce, suggesting the presence of a barrier to the flow of reagent to the haustorium. When rusted corn leaves were allowed to take up uranyl acetate solution, the ultrastructural distribution of uranyl crystals indicated that this barrier was, indeed, the neckband, and additional circumstantial evidence for the function of this structure was provided by indications from both techniques that the transport barrier was absent from very young haustoria; the latter have previously been shown to lack an ultrastructurally detectable neckband during the early stages of their development.These results appear to confirm the functional, as well as morphological, similarity of the haustorial neckband and the Casparian strip, and these, therefore, present an unusual example of parallel evolution at the structural and functional level. The importance of such a barrier to apoplastic transport in haustoria-producing fungi is discussed.

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