scholarly journals Interactions of C4 Subtype Metabolic Activities and Transport in Maize Are Revealed through the Characterization of DCT2 Mutants

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 466-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarit Weissmann ◽  
Fangfang Ma ◽  
Koki Furuyama ◽  
James Gierse ◽  
Howard Berg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
C4 Subtype

scholarly journals Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Oxidative Status by β-Carotene in Late Pregnant Sows

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xupeng Yuan ◽  
Jiahao Yan ◽  
Ruizhi Hu ◽  
Yanli Li ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Β Carotene

Recent evidences suggest that gut microbiota plays an important role in regulating physiological and metabolic activities of pregnant sows, and β-carotene has a potentially positive effect on reproduction, but the impact of β-carotene on gut microbiota in pregnant sows remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the effect and mechanisms of β-carotene on the reproductive performance of sows from the aspect of gut microbiota. A total of 48 hybrid pregnant sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) with similar parity were randomly allocated into three groups (n = 16) and fed with a basal diet or a diet containing 30 or 90 mg/kg of β-carotene from day 90 of gestation until parturition. Dietary supplementation of 30 or 90 mg/kg β-carotene increased the number of live birth to 11.82 ± 1.54 and 12.29 ± 2.09, respectively, while the control group was 11.00 ± 1.41 (P = 0.201). Moreover, β-carotene increased significantly the serum nitric oxide (NO) level and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity (P < 0.05). Characterization of fecal microbiota revealed that 90 mg/kg β-carotene increased the diversity of the gut flora (P < 0.05). In particular, β-carotene decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes including Lachnospiraceae AC2044 group, Lachnospiraceae NK4B4 group and Ruminococcaceae UCG-008, but enriched Proteobacteria including Bilophila and Sutterella, and Actinobacteria including Corynebacterium and Corynebacterium 1 which are related to NO synthesis. These data demonstrated that dietary supplementation of β-carotene may increase antioxidant enzyme activity and NO, an important vasodilator to promote the neonatal blood circulation, through regulating gut microbiota in sows.

scholarly journals Recent Advanced Technologies for the Characterization of Xenobiotic-Degrading Microorganisms and Microbial Communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandhya Mishra ◽  
Ziqiu Lin ◽  
Shimei Pang ◽  
Wenping Zhang ◽  
Pankaj Bhatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Novel Proteins ◽  
Catabolic Genes ◽  
Xenobiotic Compounds ◽  
Metabolic Activities

Global environmental contamination with a complex mixture of xenobiotics has become a major environmental issue worldwide. Many xenobiotic compounds severely impact the environment due to their high toxicity, prolonged persistence, and limited biodegradability. Microbial-assisted degradation of xenobiotic compounds is considered to be the most effective and beneficial approach. Microorganisms have remarkable catabolic potential, with genes, enzymes, and degradation pathways implicated in the process of biodegradation. A number of microbes, including Alcaligenes, Cellulosimicrobium, Microbacterium, Micrococcus, Methanospirillum, Aeromonas, Sphingobium, Flavobacterium, Rhodococcus, Aspergillus, Penecillium, Trichoderma, Streptomyces, Rhodotorula, Candida, and Aureobasidium, have been isolated and characterized, and have shown exceptional biodegradation potential for a variety of xenobiotic contaminants from soil/water environments. Microorganisms potentially utilize xenobiotic contaminants as carbon or nitrogen sources to sustain their growth and metabolic activities. Diverse microbial populations survive in harsh contaminated environments, exhibiting a significant biodegradation potential to degrade and transform pollutants. However, the study of such microbial populations requires a more advanced and multifaceted approach. Currently, multiple advanced approaches, including metagenomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics, are successfully employed for the characterization of pollutant-degrading microorganisms, their metabolic machinery, novel proteins, and catabolic genes involved in the degradation process. These technologies are highly sophisticated, and efficient for obtaining information about the genetic diversity and community structures of microorganisms. Advanced molecular technologies used for the characterization of complex microbial communities give an in-depth understanding of their structural and functional aspects, and help to resolve issues related to the biodegradation potential of microorganisms. This review article discusses the biodegradation potential of microorganisms and provides insights into recent advances and omics approaches employed for the specific characterization of xenobiotic-degrading microorganisms from contaminated environments.

Biofilms in Sewer Systems – Characterization of the Bacterial Biocenosis and Its Metabolic Activity

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 385-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Roth ◽  
H. Lemmer
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Alanine Aminopeptidase ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Metabolic Activities

Biofilms sampled from sewers discharging domestic and trade wastewater, respectively, were characterized by determining the population densities of different groups of heterotrophic bacteria as well as by measuring their metabolic activities. Population densities of heterotrophic saprophytes, of proteolytic, amylolytic, and lipolytic bacteria as well as of ammonifying, nitrate reducing and anaerobic bacteria were determined on solid media and by MPN-tests. Metabolic activity was assessed by measuring enzyme activity of esterase, L-alanine-aminopeptidase, phosphatase, as well as of α- and β-glucosidase. Both biofilms revealed high population densities of bacteria from several metabolic groups as well as high enzyme activities. Their heterotrophic activity is in the range of or even higher than that found in high load activated sludges. The high activity of the bacterial biocenosis proves its resistance against high concentrations of chromium and nickel.

Characterization of Polysaccharides from Feijoa Fruits (Acca sellowiana Berg.) and Their Utilization as Growth Substrates by Gut Commensal Bacteroides Species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey Bell ◽  
Sarah Draper ◽  
M Centanni ◽  
Susan Carnachan ◽  
GW Tannock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
American Chemical Society ◽  
Chemical Society ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Pectic Polysaccharides ◽  
Bacteroides Species ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Acca Sellowiana ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

© 2018 American Chemical Society. Polysaccharides from feijoa fruit were extracted and analyzed; the composition of these polysaccharides conforms to those typically found in the primary cell walls of eudicotyledons. The two major polysaccharide extracts consisted of mainly pectic polysaccharides and hemicellulosic polysaccharides [xyloglucan (77%) and arabinoxylan (16%)]. A collection of commensal Bacteroides species was screened for growth in culture using these polysaccharide preparations and placed into five categories based on their preference for each substrate. Most of the species tested could utilize the pectic polysaccharides, but growth on the hemicellulose was more limited. Constituent sugar and glycosyl linkage analysis showed that species that grew on the hemicellulose fraction showed differences in their preference for the two polysaccharides in this preparation. Our data demonstrate that the members of the genus Bacteroides show differential hydrolysis of pectic polysaccharides, xyloglucan, and arabinoxylan, which might influence the structure and metabolic activities of the microbiota in the human gut.

scholarly journals A partial proteome reference map of the wine lactic acid bacterium Oenococcus oeni ATCC BAA-1163

Open Biology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 130154 ◽  
Author(s):  
María de la Luz Mohedano ◽  
Pasquale Russo ◽  
Vivian de los Ríos ◽  
Vittorio Capozzi ◽  
Pilar Fernández de Palencia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacterium ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Oenococcus Oeni ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Red Wines ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Reference Map ◽  
Metabolic Activities

Oenococcus oeni is the main lactic acid bacterium that carries out the malolactic fermentation in virtually all red wines and in some white and sparkling wines. Oenococcus oeni possesses an array of metabolic activities that can modify the taste and aromatic properties of wine. There is, therefore, industrial interest in the proteins involved in these metabolic pathways and related transport systems of this bacterium. In this work, we report the characterization of the O. oeni ATCC BAA-1163 proteome. Total and membrane protein preparations from O. oeni were standardized and analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Using tandem mass spectrometry, we identified 224 different spots corresponding to 152 unique proteins, which have been classified by their putative function and subjected to bioinformatics analysis.

scholarly journals Characterization of Kefir Produced in Household Conditions: Physicochemical and Nutritional Profile, and Storage Stability

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1057
Author(s):  
Emília Alves ◽  
Epole N. Ntungwe ◽  
João Gregório ◽  
Luis M. Rodrigues ◽  
Catarina Pereira-Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Product ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Fermented Food ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Nutritional Profile ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
And Storage

Kefir, a traditional fermented food, has numerous health benefits due to its unique chemical composition, which is reflected in its excellent nutritional value. Physicochemical and microbial composition of kefir obtained from fermented milk are influenced by the type of the milk, grain to milk ratio, time and temperature of fermentation, and storage conditions. It is crucial that kefir characteristics are maintained during storage since continuous metabolic activities of residual kefir microbiota may occur. This study aimed to examine the nutritional profile of kefir produced in traditional in use conditions by fermentation of ultra-high temperature pasteurized (UHT) semi-skimmed cow milk using argentinean kefir grains and compare the stability and nutritional compliance of freshly made and refrigerated kefir. Results indicate that kefir produced under home use conditions maintains the expected characteristics with respect to the physicochemical parameters and composition, both after fermentation and after refrigerated storage. This work further contributes to the characterization of this food product that is so widely consumed around the world by focusing on kefir that was produced in a typical household setting.

scholarly journals The Internal Microenvironment of the Symbiotic Jellyfish Cassiopea sp. From the Red Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Arossa ◽  
Alan Barozzi ◽  
Matteo Callegari ◽  
Shannon G. Klein ◽  
Anieka J. Parry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Ambient Seawater ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ph Conditions ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Diel Fluctuations ◽  
Surrounding Seawater

The characterization of the internal microenvironment of symbiotic marine invertebrates is essential for a better understanding of the symbiosis dynamics. Microalgal symbionts (of the family: Symbiodiniaceae) influence diel fluctuations of in host O2 and pH conditions through their metabolic activities (i.e., photosynthesis and respiration). These variations may play an important role in driving oxygen budgets and energy demands of the holobiont and its responses to climate change. In situ measurements using microsensors were used to resolve the O2 and pH diel fluctuations in the oral arms of non-calcifying cnidarian model species Cassiopea sp. (the “upside-down jellyfish”), which has an obligatory association with Symbiodiniaceae. Before sunrise, the internal O2 and pH levels were substantially lower than those in ambient seawater conditions (minimum average levels: 61.92 ± 5.06 1SE μmol O2 L–1 and 7.93 ± 0.02 1SE pH units, respectively), indicating that conditions within Cassiopea’s oral arms were acidified and hypoxic relative to the surrounding seawater. Measurements performed during the afternoon revealed hyperoxia (maximum average levels: 546.22 ± 16.45 1SE μmol O2 L–1) and internal pH similar to ambient levels (8.61 ± 0.02 1SE pH units). The calculated gross photosynthetic rates of Cassiopea sp. were 0.04 ± 0.013 1SE nmol cm–2 s–1 in individuals collected at night and 0.08 ± 0.02 1SE nmol cm–2 s–1 in individuals collected during the afternoon.

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