scholarly journals The Arabidopsis Ethylene/Jasmonic Acid-NRT Signaling Module Coordinates Nitrate Reallocation and the Trade-Off between Growth and Environmental Adaptation

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 3984-3998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Bin Zhang ◽  
Hong-Ying Yi ◽  
Ji-Ming Gong
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Environmental Adaptation ◽  
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scholarly journals Mechanisms of far-red light-mediated dampening of defense against Botrytis cinerea in tomato leaves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Courbier ◽  
Basten L. Snoek ◽  
Kaisa Kajala ◽  
Saskia C.M. Van Wees ◽  
Ronald Pierik
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Shade Avoidance ◽  
Defense Gene Expression ◽  
Induced Susceptibility ◽  
Trade Off

AbstractPlants detect neighboring competitors through a decrease in the ratio between red and far-red light (R:FR). This decreased R:FR is perceived by phytochrome photoreceptors and triggers shade avoidance responses such as shoot elongation and upward leaf movement (hyponasty). In addition to promoting elongation growth, low R:FR perception enhances plant susceptibility to pathogens: the growth-defense trade-off. Although increased susceptibility in low R:FR has been studied for over a decade, the associated timing of molecular events is still unknown. Here, we studied the chronology of FR-induced susceptibility events in tomato plants pre-exposed to either white light (WL) or WL supplemented with FR light (WL+FR) prior to inoculation with the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea (B.c.). We monitored the leaf transcriptional changes over a 30-hr time course upon infection and followed up with functional studies to identify mechanisms. We found that FR-induced susceptibility in tomato is linked to a general dampening of B.c.-responsive gene expression, and a delay in both pathogen recognition and jasmonic acid-mediated defense gene expression. In addition, we found that the supplemental FR-induced ethylene emissions affect plant immune responses under WL+FR conditions. This study increases our understanding of the growth-immunity trade-off, while simultaneously providing leads to improve tomato resistance against pathogens in dense cropping systems.One-sentence summaryLow Red:Far-red ratio enhances tomato susceptibility towards the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea via delayed early pathogen detection and dampening of jasmonic acid-mediated defense activation.

scholarly journals Local jasmonic acid cues drive systemic acquired resistance signal generation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Sales ◽  
Elisabeth Pabst ◽  
Marion Wenig ◽  
Heiko H. Breitenbach ◽  
Gerardo Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Signal Generation ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Legume Lectin ◽  
Biotrophic Pathogens ◽  
Immune Pathways

AbstractThe phytohormones salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) promote two, mutually antagonistic immune pathways respectively protecting plants from biotrophic pathogens and necrotrophic pathogens or insects. This trade-off largely precludes the exploitation of SA and JA immune components for crop protection, raising the interest in immune signalling components that disrupt SA-JA antagonism. A local pathogen infection primes SA-dependent immunity in systemic tissues. This so-called systemic acquired resistance (SAR) ensures a long-lasting, broad-spectrum disease resistance that is not subject to SA-JA antagonism. Here, we show that two sequence-related LEGUME LECTIN-LIKE PROTEINs (LLPs) promote SAR through spatially separated functions with JA promoting local SAR signal generation through LLP3. In concert with LLP1, which is important for systemic recognition and propagation of SAR signals, LLP3 promotes both SA-dependent SAR and JA-mediated immunity. Thus, exploitation of LLP-associated signalling cues might allow application of plant innate immune signals to promote (crop) plant health.

A Flow-Preserving Algorithm for the Time-Cost Trade-Off Problem

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suleyman Tufekci
Keyword(s):  
Time Cost ◽  
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Dual Goals for Speed and Accuracy on the Same Performance Task

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olive Emil Wetter ◽  
Jürgen Wegge ◽  
Klaus Jonas ◽  
Klaus-Helmut Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Memory Scanning ◽  
Performance Task ◽  
Performance Tasks ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Test Experiment ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
New Finding ◽  
Sternberg Paradigm ◽  
Speed Accuracy ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

In most work contexts, several performance goals coexist, and conflicts between them and trade-offs can occur. Our paper is the first to contrast a dual goal for speed and accuracy with a single goal for speed on the same task. The Sternberg paradigm (Experiment 1, n = 57) and the d2 test (Experiment 2, n = 19) were used as performance tasks. Speed measures and errors revealed in both experiments that dual as well as single goals increase performance by enhancing memory scanning. However, the single speed goal triggered a speed-accuracy trade-off, favoring speed over accuracy, whereas this was not the case with the dual goal. In difficult trials, dual goals slowed down scanning processes again so that errors could be prevented. This new finding is particularly relevant for security domains, where both aspects have to be managed simultaneously.

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