scholarly journals IAA-Ala Resistant3, an Evolutionarily Conserved Target of miR167, Mediates Arabidopsis Root Architecture Changes during High Osmotic Stress

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 3590-3602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natsuko Kinoshita ◽  
Huan Wang ◽  
Hiroyuki Kasahara ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
Cameron MacPherson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Arabidopsis Root ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved

scholarly journals Glutamate signalling via a MEKK1 kinase-dependent pathway induces changes in Arabidopsis root architecture

2013 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian G. Forde ◽  
Sean R. Cutler ◽  
Najia Zaman ◽  
Patrick J. Krysan
Keyword(s):  
Root Architecture ◽  
Arabidopsis Root ◽  
Dependent Pathway

Evaluation of the genetic diversity and root architecture under osmotic stress of common grapevine rootstocks and clones

2020 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 109283
Author(s):  
Rosa Peiró ◽  
Carles Jiménez ◽  
Gorka Perpiñà ◽  
Jaume Xavier Soler ◽  
Carmina Gisbert
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Root Architecture

The N-Terminal Acetyltransferase Naa50 Regulates Arabidopsis Growth and Osmotic Stress Response

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 1565-1575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinlin Feng ◽  
Jianxin Hu ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Ruiqi Li ◽  
Hao Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Cell Patterning ◽  
Root Cell ◽  
Auxin Distribution ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Osmotic Stress Response ◽  
Premature Leaf Senescence

Abstract N-terminal acetylation (Nt-acetylation) is one of the most common protein modifications in eukaryotes. The function of Naa50, the catalytic subunit of the evolutionarily conserved N-terminal acetyltransferase (Nat) E complex, has not been reported in Arabidopsis. In this study, we found that a loss of Naa50 resulted in a pleiotropic phenotype that included dwarfism and sterility, premature leaf senescence and a shortened primary root. Further analysis revealed that root cell patterning and various root cell properties were severely impaired in naa50 mutant plants. Moreover, defects in auxin distribution were observed due to the mislocalization of PIN auxin transporters. In contrast to its homologs in yeast and animals, Naa50 showed no co-immunoprecipitation with any subunit of the Nat A complex. Moreover, plants lacking Naa50 displayed hypersensitivity to abscisic acid and osmotic stress. Therefore, our results suggest that protein N-terminal acetylation catalyzed by Naa50 plays an essential role in Arabidopsis growth and osmotic stress responses.

scholarly journals Capturing Arabidopsis Root Architecture Dynamics with ROOT-FIT Reveals Diversity in Responses to Salinity

2014 ◽  
Vol 166 (3) ◽  
pp. 1387-1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Julkowska ◽  
H. C. J. Hoefsloot ◽  
S. Mol ◽  
R. Feron ◽  
G.-J. de Boer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Architecture ◽  
Arabidopsis Root

scholarly journals Intergenerational adaptations to stress are evolutionarily conserved, stress-specific, and have deleterious trade-offs

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas O Burton ◽  
Alexandra Willis ◽  
Kinsey Fisher ◽  
Fabian Braukmann ◽  
Jonathan Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Parental Stress ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Physiological Adaptations ◽  
Intergenerational Change

Despite reports of parental exposure to stress promoting physiological adaptations in progeny in diverse organisms, there remains considerable debate over the significance and evolutionary conservation of such multigenerational effects. Here, we investigate four independent models of intergenerational adaptations to stress in C. elegans - bacterial infection, eukaryotic infection, osmotic stress and nutrient stress - across multiple species. We found that all four intergenerational physiological adaptations are conserved in at least one other species, that they are stress-specific, and that they have deleterious trade-offs in mismatched environments. By profiling the effects of parental bacterial infection and osmotic stress exposure on progeny gene expression across species we established a core set of 587 genes that exhibited a greater than 2-fold intergenerational change in expression in response to stress in C. elegans and at least one other species, as well as a set of 37 highly conserved genes that exhibited a greater than 2-fold intergenerational change in expression in all four species tested. Furthermore, we provide evidence suggesting that presumed adaptive and deleterious intergenerational effects are molecularly related at the gene expression level. Lastly, we found that none of the effects we detected of these stresses on C. elegans F1 progeny gene expression persisted transgenerationally three generations after stress exposure. We conclude that intergenerational responses to stress play a substantial and evolutionarily conserved role in regulating animal physiology and that the vast majority of the effects of parental stress on progeny gene expression are reversible and not maintained transgenerationally.

scholarly journals Natural Root Cellular Variation in Responses to Osmotic Stress in Arabidopsis thaliana Accessions

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Cajero-Sanchez ◽  
Pamela Aceves-Garcia ◽  
María Fernández-Marcos ◽  
Crisanto Gutiérrez ◽  
Ulises Rosas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Root Apical Meristem ◽  
Radial Expansion ◽  
Arabidopsis Root ◽  
Cell Niche ◽  
Root Tissues

Arabidopsis naturally occurring populations have allowed for the identification of considerable genetic variation remodeled by adaptation to different environments and stress conditions. Water is a key resource that limits plant growth, and its availability is initially sensed by root tissues. The root’s ability to adjust its physiology and morphology under water deficit makes this organ a useful model to understand how plants respond to water stress. Here, we used hyperosmotic shock stress treatments in different Arabidopsis accessions to analyze the root cell morphological responses. We found that osmotic stress conditions reduced root growth and root apical meristem (RAM) size, promoting premature cell differentiation without affecting the stem cell niche morphology. This phenotype was accompanied by a cluster of small epidermal and cortex cells with radial expansion and root hairs at the transition to the elongation zone. We also found this radial expansion with root hairs when plants are grown under hypoosmotic conditions. Finally, root growth was less affected by osmotic stress in the Sg-2 accession followed by Ws, Cvi-0, and Col-0; however, after a strong osmotic stress, Sg-2 and Cvi-0 were the most resilience accessions. The sensitivity differences among these accessions were not explained by stress-related gene expression. This work provides new cellular insights on the Arabidopsis root phenotypic variability and plasticity to osmotic stress.

scholarly journals Lipoxygenase functions in 1O2 production during root responses to osmotic stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomer Chen ◽  
Dekel Cohen ◽  
Maxim Itkin ◽  
Sergey Malitsky ◽  
Robert Fluhr
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Lipoxygenase Inhibitor ◽  
Acid Product ◽  
Arabidopsis Root ◽  
Rate Limiting Step ◽  
Root Responses ◽  
Rate Limiting ◽  
Fatty Acid Hydroperoxides

Abstract Drought induces osmotic stress in roots, a condition simulated by the application of high-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol. Osmotic stress results in the reduction of Arabidopsis thaliana root growth and production of 1O2 from an unknown non-photosynthetic source. Reduced root growth can be alleviated by application of the 1O2 scavenger histidine. Here we examined the possibility that 1O2 production involves Russell reactions occurring among the enzymatic products of lipoxygenases, the fatty acid hydroperoxides. Lipoxygenase (LOX) activity was measured for purified soybean (Glycine max) LOX1 and in crude Arabidopsis root extracts using linoleic acid as substrate. Formation of the 13(S)-Hydroperoxy-9(Z),11(E)-octadecadienoic acid product was inhibited by salicylhdroxamic acid, which is a lipoxygenase inhibitor, but not by histidine, whereas 1O2 production was inhibited by both. D2O, which specifically extends the half-life of 1O2, augmented the lipoxygenase-dependent generation of 1O2, as expected from a Russell-type reaction. The addition of linoleic acid to roots stimulated 1O2 production and inhibited growth, suggesting that the availability of lipoxygenase substrate is a rate-limiting step. Indeed, water stress rapidly increased linoleic and linolenic acids by 2.5-fold in roots. Mutants with root-specific microRNA repression of lipoxygenases showed downregulation of lipoxygenase protein and activity. The lines with downregulated lipoxygenase displayed significantly less 1O2 formation, improved root growth in osmotic stress, and an altered transcriptome response compared to wild type. The results show that lipoxygenases can serve as an enzymatic source of ‘dark’ 1O2 during osmotic stress and demonstrate a role for 1O2 in defining the physiological response.

scholarly journals Intergenerational adaptations to stress are evolutionarily conserved, stress-specific, and have deleterious trade-offs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Burton ◽  
Alexandra R Willis ◽  
Kinsey Fisher ◽  
Fabian Braukmann ◽  
Jonathan Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Parental Stress ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Physiological Adaptations ◽  
Conserved Genes ◽  
Multigenerational Effects

Despite reports of parental exposure to stress promoting physiological adaptations in progeny in diverse organisms, there remains considerable debate over the significance and evolutionary conservation of such multigenerational effects. Here, we investigate four independent models of intergenerational adaptations to stress in C. elegans (bacterial infection, eukaryotic infection, osmotic stress and nutrient stress) across multiple species. We found that all four intergenerational physiological adaptations are conserved in at least one other species, that they are stress-specific, and that they have deleterious trade-offs in mismatched environments. By profiling the effects of parental bacterial infection and osmotic stress exposure on progeny gene expression across species we established a core set of 279 highly conserved genes that exhibited intergenerational changes in expression in response to stress in all species tested and provide evidence suggesting that presumed adaptive and deleterious intergenerational effects are molecularly related at the gene expression level. By contrast, we found that these same stresses did not elicit any similarly conserved transgenerational changes in progeny gene expression three generations after stress exposure. We conclude that intergenerational responses to stress play a substantial and evolutionarily conserved role in regulating animal physiology and that the vast majority of the effects of parental stress on progeny gene expression are reversible and not maintained transgenerationally.

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